{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:41:12Z","timestamp":1791222072692,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Contamination is not surprising in light of the ubiquitous nature of the fungi that produce aflatoxin and ochratoxin A. The presence of these toxins in the broiler diet leads to increased losses, an increased feed conversion ratio, and decreased productivity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n This study aimed to investigate the effects of the use of hydroalcoholic extracts of saffron petals, yeast cell walls and bentonite in the diets of broiler chickens contaminated with\n \n aflatoxin B\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n and\n ochratoxin A<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n In a completely randomised design, 350 one\u2010day\u2010old Ross 308 broilers were allocated into seven treatment groups and five replications: a negative control diet (without toxins or additives), a positive control diet (2.5\u00a0mg\/kg aflatoxin\u00a0+\u00a02\u00a0mg\/kg ochratoxin A (mg\/kg) and diets containing toxins with a commercial toxin binder or yeast cell wall, processed bentonite or saffron petal extract alone or together.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Compared with those in the positive control treatment, the relative weights of the carcasses, breasts and drumsticks improved with the addition of toxic adsorbent compounds (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05). Compared with the control treatment, the inclusion of a toxin binder had a significant effect on the concentration of glucose (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05). The concentrations of alanine aminotransferase and gamma\u2010glutamyltransferase enzymes in the yeast cell wall\u00a0+\u00a0processed bentonite\u00a0+\u00a0saffron petal extract treatment were lower than those in the other treatments (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05). Toxin adsorbent compounds significantly improved the morphology of the small intestine in chickens fed contaminated diets (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n The inclusion of toxic adsorbent compounds can reduce the negative effects caused by the presence of\n \n Aflatoxin B\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n and\n Ochratoxin A<\/jats:italic>\n . Saffron petal extract can potentially be used to modulate diets contaminated with\n \n Aflatoxin B\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n and\n Ochratoxin A<\/jats:italic>\n , which is best achieved with 750\u00a0mg\/kg saffron petal extract along with 0.1% yeast cell wall extract and 1% processed bentonite.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T04:41:00Z","timestamp":1732250460000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Hydroalcoholic Extract of Saffron Petals, Yeast Cell Wall and Bentonite Reduce Contamination Effects With\n \n Aflatoxin B\n 1<\/sub>\n <\/i>\n and\n Ochratoxin A<\/i>\n in Exposed Broilers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0011-2219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Vakili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Kashmar Branch Islamic Azad University Kashmar Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Zanghaneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Research Department Khorassan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Resources Research and Education Center of Mashhad Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faezeh","family":"Qharari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saffron Institute University of Torbat Heydarieh Torbat Heydarieh Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fathmeh","family":"Mortzavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Development Department Makian Mokmel Company Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Anas M. 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D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veternariga Ir Zootexhinika"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"455","article-title":"Therapeutic Effects of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Digestive Disorders: A Review","volume":"19","author":"Khorasany A. R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex342"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey206"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7124879"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.10.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14030192"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","unstructured":"Naghous M. S. M.Hosseini H.Farhangfar A.VadieiNoghabi andA.Gheysari.2015. \u201cEffect of Saffron Petals' (Crocus sativusL.) on Yield Carcass Traits and Internal Organs in Broiler.\u201dBirjand Iran:The National Congress of Advanced Research in Animal Science University of Birjand."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.896"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/vsd.2014.5161"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2019.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818462-2.00015-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2017.1302822"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9110371"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2003.341.344"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-8180.2016.00056.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/am.14.3.425-428.1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-8180.2017.00003.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/am.21.6.1032-1035.1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.910"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00889"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Ameliorating Aflatoxicosis in Commercial Broiler Chickens by Dietary Mycosorb: Heamato\u2013Biochemical Studies","volume":"52","author":"Wade M. 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