{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:43:25Z","timestamp":1787496205837,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increasing urbanization has particularly affected rivers and their outer edges in cities, including Kathmandu Valley, which encompasses Lalitpur, the nation's third\u2010largest city. This study aims to conduct a parasitological survey to investigate the occurrence of zoonotic intestinal protozoa and helminths along the Karmanasa River bank in central Nepal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Faecal samples from openly defaecating animals were collected via non\u2010invasive techniques, and coproscopy was carried out using direct wet mount, concentration and acid\u2010fast staining methods to ensure reliable findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings showed that all the faecal samples were positive for intestinal parasites as follows: buffaloes (15\/15), cats (5\/5), cattle (30\/30), chickens (7\/7), dogs (15\/15), goats (15\/15), pigs (20\/20) and rats (12\/12). A total of 28 intestinal parasites were reported, out of which 21 species possess zoonotic potentialities, and each host was reported to harbour at least one zoonotic parasite.\n                      <jats:italic>Entamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp.,\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp., hookworm,\n                      <jats:italic>Trichuris<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp.,\n                      <jats:italic>Trichostrongylus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Balantidium coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      were among the predominant zoonotic parasites. The use of the landscape for livestock grazing and the presence of free\u2010ranging animals could have all added to the zoonotic risks. Moreover, the excretion of a moderate to large number of zoonotic parasite eggs in the faecal samples indicates a transmission risk.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study detected 21 species of intestinal zoonotic parasites circulating along the landscape in the study area, indicating a higher risk of cross\u2010transmission. Therefore, strategic treatment of livestock and free\u2010ranging animals and periodic public health awareness programs for the local inhabitants are highly recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T05:14:19Z","timestamp":1734498859000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Investigation of the Occurrence of Zoonotic Intestinal Parasites along the Karmanasa River Bank in Lalitpur, Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5876-667X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roshan Babu","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (NAIHS)  Kathmandu Nepal"},{"name":"Department of Zoology Alka Health Institute Pvt. Ltd.  Lalitpur Nepal"},{"name":"Wildlife Biology Third Pole Conservancy (TPC)  Bhaktapur Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5474-2880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diksha","family":"Ghimire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine Alka Health Institute Pvt. Ltd.  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