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The analysis included 34 studies\/78 datasets, comprising 5661 samples from various rodent species across 15 countries. Statistical analyses were performed using comprehensive meta\u2010analysis (CMA) software, employing a random\u2010effects model to estimate pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and the <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> index for assessing heterogeneity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review found that 16% (95% CI: 12.6%\u201320.2%) of rodents worldwide were infected with <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> sp. Voles and squirrels exhibited the highest infection rates at 29.8% (95% CI: 14.7%\u201351%) and 28.8% (95% CI: 14.4%\u201349.2%), whereas civets and porcupines had the lowest rates at 9.5% (95% CI: 6.6%\u201313.6%) and 7.1% (95% CI: 3.3%\u201314.7%), respectively. The findings indicated that rodents can host various <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> sp. STs (ST1\u2013ST8, ST10, ST13, ST15, ST17), with several (ST1\u2013ST8 and ST10) having zoonotic potential. Globally, ST4, ST5, ST1 and ST3 were the most commonly reported STs in rodents. China and the UK showed the highest ST diversity in rodents, with 10 (ST1\u2010ST7, ST10, ST13, ST17) and 7 (ST1\u2010ST5, ST10, ST15) distinct STs, respectively. ST6, ST7 and ST13 were unique to China, whereas ST15 was found only in the United Kingdom. Squirrels, rats, mice and voles had the highest ST diversity of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> sp., with 8, 7, 5 and 5 distinct STs, respectively. Notably, ST6 and ST13 were unique to squirrels, ST7 only appeared in rats, and ST15 was found only in voles. Most ST1, ST3\u2013ST5 and ST17 came from Asia. ST6, ST7 and ST13 were also isolated there, whereas ST15 was only found in Europe. ST17 was reported in Africa, ST4 and ST17 in North America, and ST1\u2013ST3 and ST8 in South America.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review emphasizes the widespread presence of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> sp. in rodent populations globally, underscoring the need for continued surveillance and research into its zoonotic potential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T12:30:54Z","timestamp":1735561854000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Global Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of <i>Blastocystis<\/i> sp. in Rodent Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Farzam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non\u2010Communicable Diseases Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Karampour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non\u2010Communicable Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non\u2010Communicable Diseases Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh\u2010Sara","family":"Nazem\u2010Sadati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parisa","family":"Sadat\u2010Madani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Products Safety Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4005-2687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Asghari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2019.125679"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2013.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-16187-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-024-00815-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182017002347"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00288"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2021071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169659"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9030202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05194-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009253"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04271-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00389-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04515-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00067-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22271\/tpi.2021.v10.i8Sk.7406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1432741"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-023-07841-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"Islam M. 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