{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:59:14Z","timestamp":1785805154449,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Viral diseases are the primary cause of disease and economic loss in all bird species. Among viral diseases, Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) have a very special place due to their high morbidity and high mortality. They inflict lots of deaths and economic losses upon poultry and nonpoultry avian species, making them a hot subject in various research. Thus, prevention measures and strategies to control the mentioned diseases are wide. Vaccination is one of the common methods. In this study, we designed a vaccination protocol based on previous and popular methods to evaluate the effect of ND and AI vaccines on the humoral immune response of 14 bird species. We tested 115 birds (sampled twice) with no previous encounter with disease or vaccine. Birds were vaccinated with NDV B1 strain and a bivalent inactivated ND + AI and repeated 5 weeks later. Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) was used for humoral response evaluation and implemented 5 weeks after each vaccination. Our results showed a double vaccination of ND can boost the immune system significantly, but a single AI vaccination will provide enough protection since the second vaccination did not change the titres significantly, even lowering the titre in one case. There were some discrepancies in results, which further studies should be accomplished to elaborate the details.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T08:39:06Z","timestamp":1744619946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative Study of Vaccine\u2010Induced Humoral Immune Response Against Newcastle Disease Virus and Avian Influenza Virus (H9N2) in Different Bird Species of Mashhad Birds Garden"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6643-335X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"BehrouziNasab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Rouygari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DVSc. Candidate in Avian Health and Diseases Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz Ahwaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teimour","family":"Tabari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Avian Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Short Communication Emergence of Genotype VIIg of Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus in Iran, 2018: The First Report","volume":"12","author":"Alborz I.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Virology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2006.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4308\/hjb.29.5.648-657"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-44-36"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-10-164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(35)80001-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459208418847"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2018.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"ICTV.Virus Taxonomy: 2016 Release\/EC 48.2016."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Experimental Infection of Pheasants With a Velogenic Chicken Isolate of Newcastle Disease Virus","volume":"11","author":"Jafari R. A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-017-3588-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2013.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1801070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"448","article-title":"Over een in Ned\u2010Indie Heerschende Ziete Under Het Pluimves","volume":"38","author":"Kraneveld F.","year":"1926","journal-title":"Ned Indisch Bl Diergeneesk"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0307945042000220318"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/8928-051909-Reg.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Newcastle Disease","volume":"13","author":"Miller P. J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diseases of Poultry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"Chapter O. 10.9. Newcastle Disease. OIE editor. Terrestrial Animal Health Code2014:490."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"443","article-title":"Evaluation of Newcastle Disease Vaccination Regime for Commercial Guinea Fowls Production in Kumasi","volume":"23","author":"Sasu B. K.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ghana African Journal of Biomedical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey559"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Development of Humoral Immune Response to Thermostable Newcastle Disease Vaccine Strain i\u20102 in Ring\u2010Necked Pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus)","volume":"27","author":"Siddique F.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kafkas \u00dcniversitesi Veteriner Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"459","article-title":"Antibody Response to Newcastle Disease Vaccination in a Flock of Young Partridges (Rhynchotus Rufescens)","volume":"30","author":"Sousa R. L.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1591081"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119371199.ch3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swayne D. E. D. L.Suarez andL. D.Sims.Influenza in Diseases of Poultry.2020. p.210\u2013256.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119371199.ch6"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Antibody Response of an H9 Subtype Avian Influenza Poultry Vaccine on Three Kinds of Wild Birds in Shanghai Zoo","volume":"65","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Avian Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-019-04288-9"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70191","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.70191","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T12:22:00Z","timestamp":1774268520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.70191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.70191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.70191","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70191\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70191\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70191"}}