{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T01:32:18Z","timestamp":1772587938461,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Leptospirosis is a globally distributed re\u2010emerging zoonotic disease caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. In cattle, the clinical course varies from a subclinical\u2010chronic infection, commonly found in adult animals, to a severe acute syndrome mostly found in calves. The present study reports an outbreak of acute leptospirosis, following favourable climacteric conditions. Seven affected farms were monitored. Clinical observations from infected animals (n = 30) revealed two distinct patterns: lactating calves experienced hyperacute courses, often culminating in death, and older animals, mainly steers, displayed signs of apathy, anorexia, icterus and haemoglobinuria. Necropsies confirmed jaundice and haemoglobinuria, aligning with a presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis. Haematology and serology results further supported this diagnosis. Pomona and Mozdok serovars were the most prevalent (62.5%) and had the highest mean agglutination titres, 1:1160 and 1:700, respectively. Antimicrobial treatment of sick animals consisted of oxytetracycline. Chemical metaphylaxis and prophylactic measures were established to control the outbreak in cohabiting animals. Environmental factors\u00a0like climate change are expected to contribute to more frequent leptospirosis outbreaks. Comprehensive serological surveys are recommended to develop region\u2010specific control measures, emphasising the importance of vaccination as a practical and effective prophylactic measure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T22:36:35Z","timestamp":1741732595000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Acute Leptospirosis Outbreak in Cattle: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9753-8370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Paix\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CISAS \u2013 Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo  Viana do Castelo Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV \u2010 Animal and Veterinary Research Centre Universidade de Tr\u00e1s\u2010os\u2010Montes e Alto Douro, AL4AnimalS  Vila Real Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a  Bragan\u00e7a Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo  Ponte de Lima Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Botelho\u2010Fontela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CECAV \u2010 Animal and Veterinary Research Centre Universidade de Tr\u00e1s\u2010os\u2010Montes e Alto Douro, AL4AnimalS  Vila Real Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2376-4196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Gandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo  Ponte de Lima Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISAS \u2013 Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo  Viana do Castelo Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo  Ponte de Lima Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"History of Leptospirosis and Leptospira","volume":"387","author":"Adler B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.636"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2024.106136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12182358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11010191"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12643"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-023-03414-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Animal Leptospirosis","volume":"387","author":"Ellis W. 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