{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T22:38:20Z","timestamp":1783723100282,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Neospora caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) is a protozoan parasite regarded as a major cause of reproductive failure in cattle. Swine are susceptible to\n                      <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection; however, the role of these animals in the circulation, maintenance, and transmission of\n                      <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                      remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the global seroprevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in domestic pigs (\n                      <jats:italic>Sus domesticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and wild boars (\n                      <jats:italic>Sus scrofa<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify relevant studies up to 30 April 2024. A random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis model was used to estimate the overall and subgroup\u2010pooled prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                      across studies. The Cochrane test (Q) and the\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      index were employed to heterogeneity. Funnel plots and Egger's regression test were used to evaluate publication bias, year of publication, and sample size.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 11,124 animals from 26 eligible studies were included. The pooled seroprevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in swine was 17% (95% CI: 7%\u201326%) with a prevalence of 17% in domestic pigs and 16% in wild boars. In the subgroup analysis, the highest prevalence was observed among female animals, with a pooled seroprevalence of 17% (95% CI: 7%\u201326%). The pooled seroprevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                      was nearly equal in adult and sub\u2010adult swine (18% and 14%, respectively). The overall seroprevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in swine, based on sample size and year of publication, showed no statistically significant correlations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present study showed that domestic swine are suitable intermediate hosts of\n                      <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                      based on serological findings. However, further studies are needed to describe the epidemiology of the\n                      <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and to isolate the parasite from swine to confirm this hypothesis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T12:47:17Z","timestamp":1736513237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Global Prevalence of\n                    <i>Neospora caninum<\/i>\n                    in Domestic Pigs (\n                    <i>Sus domesticus<\/i>\n                    ) and Wild Boars (\n                    <i>Sus scrofa<\/i>\n                    ): A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Seyed Ahmad","family":"Karamati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hosein","family":"Effatpanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asadabad School of Medical Sciences Asadabad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Taghi","family":"Khodayari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Evidence\u2010Based Health Management Maragheh University of Medical Sciences Maragheh Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Shiee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Center Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afshin","family":"Davari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biology Research Center Health Technology institute Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Faraji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fereshteh","family":"Angazbany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2093-9317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arezoo","family":"Bozorgomid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biology Research Center Health Technology 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