{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:02:49Z","timestamp":1784091769439,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Predicting outcome in horses presenting with colic remains challenging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test whether arterial blood samples in horses admitted for colic predict outcome to hospital discharge for different colic types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Arterial blood samples collected on admission from 358 horses undergoing medical or surgical management of colic were evaluated for pH, PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , PaCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , Na\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , K\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , iCa\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      , HCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      (P), HCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      (P, set), Base (B), Base (ecf) and anion gap. Categories were small intestinal non\u2010strangulating (SINS) or strangulating (SIS) lesions, large colon non\u2010volvulus (LCNV) or volvulus (LCV), small colon non\u2010strangulating (SCNS) or strangulating (SCS) lesions, viscus rupture or other. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed based on survival, or not, to hospital discharge. Odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and area under the curve receiver operator characteristics (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were calculated at a cut\u2010off value of\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.5.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 295\/358 (82.4%) horses survived to hospital discharge. Variables retained as significantly associated with survival were PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      for SINS (OR 1.15, 95%CI 1.04\u20131.27), PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01\u20131.11) and Na\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.52) for SIS, Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      (OR 175.1, 95% CI 2.20\u201313958) and HCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      (P) (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01\u20131.37) for LCNV and PaCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.05\u20132.06) for LCV. AUROCs showed acceptable\u2010excellent discrimination (range: 0.7\u20130.9), excellent sensitivity (range: 91%\u2013100%) but poor\u2013fair specificity (range: 8%\u201350%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arterial blood is good at predicting survival based on colic type but less accurate at predicting those horses which do not survive to hospital discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T09:13:18Z","timestamp":1738833198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Can Arterial Blood Gas, Electrolyte and Acid\u2013Base Analysis at Admission be Used to Predict Survival to Hospital Discharge for Different Causes of Colic?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5293-2438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter I.","family":"Milner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine Clinical Sciences Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool  Neston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Bardell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine Clinical Sciences Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool  Neston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005253422107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.l6062"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"G159","article-title":"Relative Effects of Systemic pH, PCO2 and HCO3\n                  \u2212 Concentration on Colonic Ion Transport","volume":"246","author":"Charney A. 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