{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:24:57Z","timestamp":1788225897747,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Mycoplasma gallisepticum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MG) poses a significant threat to Bangladesh's poultry industry, causing substantial economic losses every year. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MG infection in turkeys using serum plate agglutination (SPA), enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Sylhet, Bangladesh from December 2019 to November 2020. In addition, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of these tests and identified potential risk factors associated with MG infection. A total of 250 blood samples and 250 tracheal swabs were collected from suspected turkeys across 25 farms from three sub\u2010districts of Sylhet namely Sylhet Sadar, Golapganj and Beanibazar. Blood samples were tested with SPA and ELISA, while tracheal swabs were analysed by PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene of MG. The overall prevalence of MG was 35.2%, 29.2% and 25.6% for SPA, ELISA and PCR respectively. Higher infection rates were observed in turkeys aged 0\u20134 months (SPA 57.1%, ELISA 52%, PCR 42.8%), during winter (SPA 43.1%, ELISA 37.8%, PCR 30%) and among female turkeys (SPA 54.5%, ELISA 49.5%, PCR 45.5%). Geographically, the Beanibazar had the highest prevalence (SPA 54.2%, ELISA 48.6%, PCR 41.4%), compared to the Sylhet Sadar and Golapganj sub\u2010districts. Both SPA and ELISA tests showed 100% sensitivity, with specificity of 87.1% and 95.2%, respectively using PCR as a gold standard. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights for developing effective control measures for MG infections in the poultry industry of Bangladesh.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T14:17:30Z","timestamp":1740579450000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Molecular and Seroprevalence of\n                    <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum<\/i>\n                    in Turkeys in Sylhet District of Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2715-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jahid Hasan","family":"Tipu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences Sylhet Agricultural University  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1322-4854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rijon","family":"Miah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences Sylhet Agricultural University  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3180-3706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Obaidul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Chungbuk National University  Chungbuk South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3553-9654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Mukidur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences Sylhet Agricultural University  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5287-5622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucky","family":"Talukdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences Sylhet Agricultural University  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5183-0643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubel","family":"Miah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences Chonnam National University  Gwangju South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0546-4889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. 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Irtija","family":"Ahsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences University of Warwick  Coventry UK"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences Sylhet Agricultural University  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5847-3239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahsan","family":"Raquib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9435-113X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monira","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences Sylhet Agricultural University  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51585\/gjvr.2021.2.0019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45106-6_111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2015.9\u201014"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Serological Survey of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection in Layer Chickens in the Ga\u2010East District of the Greater Accra Region","volume":"14","author":"Ayim M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the Ghana Science Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u2010185X.2008.00076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0451029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.855731"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201065848\u20107"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"Comparative Study of Various Diagnostic Methods for Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in Egyptian Chicken Flocks","volume":"14","author":"Emam M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of World's Poultry Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.vsrr\/2019\/5.2.58.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection in Iranian North\u2010West Broiler Breeder Farms","volume":"4","author":"Feizi A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annals of Biological Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"875","article-title":"Mycoplasma synoviae Infection","volume":"13","author":"Ferguson\u2010Noel N.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diseases of Poultry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.0007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1335658"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14040909"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/vetworld.2012.709-712"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/ijb.v2n2p74"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bjas.v53i2.74539"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010024\u201009437\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70045"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"1200","article-title":"Risk Factors for Mycoplasma gallisepticum Seroprevalence in Chickens","volume":"25","author":"Islam M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.v1i1p11\u201015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.v1i1p11-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pa.2862"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bjvm.v8i2.9620"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(00)00027-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13010078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","volume-title":"Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays for Diagnosis of Animal Diseases","author":"Lauerman L. 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