{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:22:54Z","timestamp":1787509374401,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis assessed the global prevalence, species\/genotype distribution and zoonotic impact of\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                      in rabbits.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science was performed for studies from 2000 to 25 October 2024 on\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. in rabbits. Data on publication\/implementation years, prevalence rates, rabbit types, diagnostics, countries and species\/genotypes were collected. A meta\u2010analysis with random\u2010effects models estimated overall prevalence and assessed heterogeneity using the\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      index. A sensitivity analysis evaluated the robustness of the results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This systematic review included 26 studies with 6093 rabbits from 9 countries, revealing a pooled\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. prevalence of 9% (95% CI: 6%\u201313.4%). Three zoonotic species were found in rabbits:\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium cuniculus<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 18 studies and each of\n                      <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>C. andersoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 1 study. The isolates included 2 genotypes of\n                      <jats:italic>C. cuniculus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Va, Vb) and 1 genotype of\n                      <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (IIc), along with 18 subtypes of\n                      <jats:italic>C. cuniculus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (VaA16, VaA18, VaA31, VbA18, VbA19, VbA21, VbA22, VbA23, VbA24, VbA25, VbA26, VbA28, VbA29, VbA31, VbA32, VbA33, VbA35 and VbA36). Among these, 11 subtypes (VbA19, VbA22\u2013VbA26, VbA28, VbA29 and VbA31\u2013VbA33) are identified as zoonotic. Pet rabbits had the highest\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. pooled prevalence at 21.9% (95% CI: 14.7%\u201331.3%), followed by farmed rabbits at 9.7% (95% CI: 5.1%\u201317.8%), wild rabbits at 8.8% (95% CI: 4.8%\u201315.5%) and laboratory rabbits at 1% (95% CI: 0.3%\u20133.1%), with higher rates noted in Africa and the AFR WHO region.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study assessed the global distribution of\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. in rabbits, highlighting its zoonotic implications. It serves as a key resource for researchers, veterinarians and public health officials for future studies and control strategies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T04:48:01Z","timestamp":1742359681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<i>Cryptosporidium<\/i>\n                    in Rabbits: A Global Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Prevalence, Species\/Genotypes Distribution and Zoonotic Significance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Ghorbani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4005-2687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Asghari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1860-326X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milad","family":"Badri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laya","family":"Shamsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Urmia University  Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Hanifeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Danesh Alborz University  Abyek Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behnam","family":"Mohammadi\u2010Ghalehbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoonoses Research Center Ardabil University of Medical Sciences  Ardabil Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saiyad","family":"Bastaminejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of ParaMedicine Ilam University of Medical Sciences  Ilam Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Infection in a Rabbitory in Abeokuta, Nigeria","volume":"37","author":"Akinkuotu O. 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