{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:57:13Z","timestamp":1792036633094,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The misuse of antibiotics in livestock farming has led to the emergence of antibiotic\u2010resistant bacteria, which pose a serious threat to global animal and human health. Essential oils extracted from the leaves of\n                      <jats:italic>Ocimum basilicum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Perilla frutescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Mentha spicata<\/jats:italic>\n                      contain bioactive compounds with bactericidal properties.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to evaluate the bactericidal activity of\n                      <jats:italic>Ocimum basilicum, Perilla frutescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Mentha spicata<\/jats:italic>\n                      essential oils and their combination with the antibiotic norfloxacin, against antibiotic\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. isolated from diseased chickens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolated bacteria was conducted using the disc diffusion method. The bactericidal efficacy of essential oils and antibiotics was assessed by determining the minimum bactericidal concentration. The interaction between essential oils and antibiotics was analysed using the fractional bactericidal concentration index through the microdilution chequerboardtechnique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella enteritidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      were recovered from the organs of infected chickens. Isolated\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. displayed significant resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin and cefuroxime. The essential oils of\n                      <jats:italic>Ocimum basilicum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Mentha spicata<\/jats:italic>\n                      demonstrated similar minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 8,000 \u00b5g\/mL, while the essential oil of\n                      <jats:italic>Perilla frutescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed a higher MBC value of 10,000 \u00b5g\/mL. Analysis of the interaction between these essential oils and norfloxacin indicated that both\n                      <jats:italic>Ocimum basilicum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Mentha spicata<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited a synergistic effect, whereas\n                      <jats:italic>Perilla frutescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited an additive effect when combined with norfloxacin in eradicating\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study concluded that combining essential oils from three herbs with the antibiotic norfloxacin was highly effective in fighting antibiotic\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. isolated from infected chickens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T08:40:13Z","timestamp":1742719213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Interaction of\n                    <i>Ocimum basilicum<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>Perilla frutescens<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Mentha spicata<\/i>\n                    Essential Oils With Norfloxacin Against Antibiotic\u2010Resistant\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Spp. That Cause Disease in Chickens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nguyen Van","family":"Vui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Department, Agriculture and Aquaculture Faculty Tra Vinh University  Tra Vinh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thuy","family":"Linh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Department, Agriculture and Aquaculture Faculty Tra Vinh University  Tra Vinh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi Kim","family":"Quyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Department, Agriculture and Aquaculture Faculty Tra Vinh University  Tra Vinh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Nang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Department, Agriculture and Aquaculture Faculty Tra Vinh University  Tra Vinh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le Thi Tuyet","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Department, Agriculture and Aquaculture Faculty Tra Vinh University  Tra Vinh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography\/Mass Spectrometry","author":"Adams R. 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