{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T17:26:52Z","timestamp":1778693212928,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA) is a prevalent neoplastic disease affecting small ruminant populations globally, caused by the enzootic nasal tumour virus (ENTV). Border disease (BD), also affecting small ruminants, causes persistent infection and increases secondary infection risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post\u2010necropsy tissue samples were routinely processed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and PCR techniques were employed to diagnose ENTV\u20102 in three goats. Viral RNA extraction and reverse transcription were performed using the WizPrep Viral DNA\/RNA micro kit. PCR analysis targeted ENTV\u20101, ENTV\u20102 and BD virus (BDV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ENTV\u20102\u2010induced nasal carcinoma and BDV were identified in three goats from an Eastern Turkey breeding facility. Post\u2010mortem examinations revealed neoplastic growths originating from the ethmoid region and extending throughout the nasal cavity. PCR analysis revealed the presence of both ENTV\u20102 and BDV genomes in all three cases. Histopathological examination showed invasive acinar and papillary proliferations with multifocal necrosis and lymphohistiocytic infiltrations. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated positive reactivity for ENTV in neoplastic cells using a monoclonal antibody specific to the JSRV capsid protein, which also cross\u2010reacts with the envelope protein of ENTV\u20101.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The chronic, immune\u2010tolerant nature of BD infection may have immunosuppressive effects that potentially enhance the impact of ENTV. The simultaneous presence of these two pathogens could synergistically increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in caprine populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T13:56:46Z","timestamp":1744898206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Simultaneous Occurrence of Nasal Carcinoma Induced by Enzootic Nasal Tumour Virus\u20102 (ENTV\u20102) and Border Disease Virus in Three Goats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1893-7531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Canan Akdeniz","family":"Incili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Firat University  Elazig Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5962-8810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yesari","family":"Eroksuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Firat University  Elazig Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0458-7887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Ozkan","family":"Timurkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4907-6159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burak","family":"Karabulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Firat University  Elazig Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6895-2727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep","family":"Yerlikaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Firat University  Elazig Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8407-5792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatice","family":"Eroksuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Firat University  Elazig Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/0976\u20100555.2015.00053.9"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"809","article-title":"Molecular and Pathological Detection of Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus in Lung Tissues of Sheep","volume":"30","author":"Coskun N.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589503200103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Naturally Occurring Enzootic Nasal Tumor of Sheep in Spain: Pathology and Associated Retrovirus","volume":"4","author":"De las Heras M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"European Journal of Veterinary Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2019.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-55638-8_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30364-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21825\/vdt.v89i4.16995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/75.6.816"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638719897032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.45-2-191"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.810977"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-007-0193-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"Enzootic Nasal Adenocarcinoma of Sheep in Canada","volume":"23","author":"McKinnon A. 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