{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:14:25Z","timestamp":1774271665359,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Animal reservoir hosts that shed pathogenic leptospires represent a considerable public health risk because they lack clinical signs of illness that might prompt handling precautions. In Sri Lanka, dog ownership is widespread. Dogs reside within homes and interact closely with humans, but they also roam freely in surrounding neighbourhoods. Dogs that carry pathogenic leptospires represent a source of environmental contamination and infection of domestic and livestock animals, posing a greater public health issue. The objectives of this study were to isolate and molecularly characterise leptospires from the blood and urine of 20 apparently healthy companion dogs vaccinated for leptospirosis using a 2\u2010serovar vaccine in Kandy, Sri Lanka. Urine and blood samples were subjected to culture for leptospires in an EMJH medium. Growth of pathogenic\/intermediate\u2010pathogenic leptospires was confirmed using nested PCR assays targeting the\n                    <jats:italic>flaB<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene of P1 and P2\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    subclades. Three (15%) of 20 urine specimens and one (5%) of 20 blood cultures yielded leptospires. Phylogenetic analysis revealed\n                    <jats:italic>L. interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>L. kmetyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (P1 subclade) in urine specimens and\n                    <jats:italic>L. licerasiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (P2 subclade) in the blood. Thus, despite vaccination, dogs in Sri Lanka can shed viable pathogenic\/intermediate\u2010pathogenic leptospires, with associated public health implications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T05:44:25Z","timestamp":1746078265000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Isolation of\n                    <i>Leptospira licerasiae<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>Leptospira interrogans<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Leptospira kmetyi<\/i>\n                    From Apparently Healthy Companion Dogs Vaccinated for Leptospirosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"C. D.","family":"Gamage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6814-9835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. E.","family":"Sykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California\u2010Davis  Davis USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. P. J.","family":"Athapattu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2326-8774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Senerathne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Karunadasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fuward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Herath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. 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S.","family":"Muthusinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Yoshimatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genetic Medicine, and\u00a0Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology I National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(09)70211\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2021.0065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14750"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007499"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008437"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","article-title":"Outbreak of Leptospirosis Among Canyoning Participants","volume":"18","author":"Hochedez P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008573"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2009.474"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.050039-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2008.465"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02728-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.002766-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16903"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Emergencies Preparedness Team.2003.Human Leptospirosis: Guidance for Diagnosis Surveillance and Control. 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