{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:17:19Z","timestamp":1774271839615,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a mosquito\u2010borne filarioid that primarily infects dogs. Infection of cats is infrequent, and diagnosis of feline cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis may be overlooked. Here we describe\n                    <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections in two cats from Central\u2010Northern Italy, where heartworm disease is endemic in dogs. Both cats tested positive on a rapid heartworm point of care (POC) antigen test. Case 1, a 13\u2010year\u2010old male castrated domestic shorthair (DSH) cat was investigated for progressive respiratory signs, including cough, nasal discharge, dyspnea and reverse sneezing. By contrast, Case 2, a 7\u2010year\u2010old male entire free\u2010roaming colony cat with a fractured right tibia, tested positive during pre\u2010surgical screening tests. Both cases were seropositive for\n                    <jats:italic>Dirofilaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    species anti\u2010IgG. A duplex real\u2010time PCR (dqPCR) for\n                    <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>D. repens<\/jats:italic>\n                    was positive for\n                    <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA in Case 1 and negative in Case 2. Conventional PCR and sequencing of partial\n                    <jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>12S<\/jats:italic>\n                    rRNA genes confirmed\n                    <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in Case 1. Echocardiography displayed the presence of adult heartworms in the right heart and main pulmonary artery in both cases. These clinical cases highlight the importance of using a combination of antigenic, serological and diagnostic imaging tests to confirm dirofilariosis in cats. Dirofilariosis should be included in the differential diagnoses for cats living in\n                    <jats:italic>Dirofilaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. endemic areas.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T13:29:47Z","timestamp":1750944587000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnosis and Treatment of\n                    <i>Dirofilaria immitis<\/i>\n                    in Two Cats From Italy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mariaelisa","family":"Carbonara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Venco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Veterinario Citt\u00e0 di Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Bossolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Practitioner  Arezzo Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Roncetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica veterinaria Il Falco di Follonica  Grosseto Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa R.","family":"Barrs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7518-476X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Otranto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari  Bari Italy"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.819082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"American Heartworm Society Feline Guidelines for the Prevention.2024. \u201cDiagnosis and Management of Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) Infection in Cats.\u201dhttps:\/\/d3ft8sckhnqim2.cloudfront.net\/images\/AHS_Feline_Guidelines_WEB_08NOV202_FINAL.pdf?1731438572."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0400376"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2022.109720"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"608","article-title":"Immature Heartworm Infection Produces Pulmonary Parenchymal, Airway, and Vascular Disease in Cats","volume":"21","author":"Dillon A. 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