{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:52:05Z","timestamp":1782838325654,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Johne's disease (JD), paratuberculosis, is a chronic and debilitating intestinal disease affecting ruminants, caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n                      subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Although JD has been extensively studied in domestic livestock, its prevalence and impact on wildlife in Iran, particularly among wild sheep, remain underexplored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case description<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study presents the first documented cases of JD in two free\u2010ranging, 3\u2010year\u2010old Isfahan wild sheep (\n                      <jats:italic>Ovis orientalis isphahanica<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), which exhibited weight loss, hyperthermia and neurological symptoms, including paddling movements. The sheep developed acute watery diarrhoea and severe emaciation, culminating in death. Diagnostic evaluations\u2014including haematology, clinical chemistry, gross pathology, histopathology and microbiology\u2014revealed hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, regenerative anaemia and leukocytosis, all indicative of chronic infection. Necropsy findings highlighted pulmonary congestion, mesenteric lymphadenopathy and gastrointestinal thickening, whereas histopathology showed epithelioid macrophage infiltration and substantial intestinal oedema. Molecular analysis via endpoint polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of MAP DNA in tissue samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This report is the first to document JD in wild sheep in Iran, underscoring the potential role of MAP as a disease reservoir in wildlife. The findings emphasize the need for epidemiological surveillance of JD in wildlife and the importance of understanding its potential cross\u2010species transmission risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T09:04:49Z","timestamp":1747731889000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Unusual Encounter: Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis Infection in Wild Sheep"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3143-3178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javad","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Poultry Health and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirali","family":"Avarseji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Nazari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Shahbazi","family":"Dastjerdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Student in Tehran University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3535-3933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diba","family":"Golchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Zamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch Islamic Azad University  Karaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Nouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iradj Ashrafi","family":"Tamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32592\/ARI.2024.79.1.168"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.4.1517-1521.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Paratuberculosis in deer and small ruminants in a zoo in Turkey","author":"Cihan H.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of European Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"659","article-title":"MAP Infection in Wildlife in North America","volume":"21","author":"Corn J. L.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"CIC Caprinae Atlas of the World Volume I and II International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation","author":"Damm G.","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"The abattior study of Mycobacterium avium\n                  paratuberculosis infection in buffalo in Ahwaz","volume":"2","author":"Haji Hajikolaaei M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Clinical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"The Atlas of Mammals of Iran","author":"Karami M.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.718987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.20.1.1275"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344\u2010009\u20100276\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/2943\u2010vetmed"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2009.10.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Large Animal Internal Medicine","author":"Smith B. 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