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Global policies are banning antimicrobial growth promoters mainly due to antimicrobial resistance. Antioxidants modulate immunity by reducing oxidative stress, which impairs immune function. Thymol (THY), tocopherol (TOC) and ascorbyl palmitate (AP) have been studied for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anxiety\/fear\u2010reducing properties. However, their effects on immune function and stress responses in broilers require further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study assesses whether dietary THY or a TOC and AP mix modulates immune and chronic stress\u2010related responses in broilers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cobb\u2010500 chicks (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0960) were assigned to one of 6 dietary treatments: (1) Basal (control), (2) Promotor (Basal\u00a0+\u00a0flavomycin), (3) BHT (Basal\u00a0+\u00a0butylated hydroxytoluene), (4) Promotor\u2010BHT (Basal\u00a0+\u00a0flavomycin\u00a0+\u00a0BHT), (5) THY (Basal\u00a0+\u00a0thymol) and (6) TOC\u2010AP (Basal\u00a0+\u00a0tocopherol\u00a0+\u00a0AP). Immune and stress parameters were evaluated, including inflammatory response to phytohemagglutinin\u2010P (PHA\u2010P), antibody production against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and heterophil\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte (H\/L) ratio.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Supplementation did not affect the PHA\u2010P inflammatory response (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.72) but influenced SRBC antibody production and H\/L ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.003). Broilers supplemented with THY or TOC\u2010AP exhibited significantly lower antibody responses, potentially avoiding an energy\u2010demanding acquired immune activation. Additionally, both groups showed significantly lower H\/L ratios, suggesting that these supplements may help mitigate physiological stress induced by routine husbandry practices.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings provide evidence that THY and TOC\u2010AP may serve as natural alternative to synthetic additives for improving welfare and mitigating stress\u2010induced immune imbalance under commercial rearing conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T07:07:19Z","timestamp":1747638439000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thymol, Alpha\u2010Tocopherol and Ascorbyl Palmitate as a Natural Feed Supplements to Modulate Immune Variables and Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Broiler Chickens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Emiliano Ariel","family":"Videla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba (UNC) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas F\u00edsicas y Naturales Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos (ICTA)  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas y Tecnol\u00f3gicas (IIBYT, CONICET\u2010UNC)  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge Martin","family":"Caliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba (UNC) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas F\u00edsicas y Naturales Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos (ICTA)  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas y Tecnol\u00f3gicas (IIBYT, CONICET\u2010UNC)  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romina Paula","family":"Andrea Picco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba (UNC) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas F\u00edsicas y Naturales Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos (ICTA)  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas y Tecnol\u00f3gicas (IIBYT, CONICET\u2010UNC)  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal H\u00e9ctor","family":"Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba (UNC) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas F\u00edsicas y Naturales Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos (ICTA)  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas y Tecnol\u00f3gicas (IIBYT, CONICET\u2010UNC)  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5088-7039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agustin","family":"Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba (UNC) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas F\u00edsicas y Naturales Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos (ICTA)  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas y Tecnol\u00f3gicas (IIBYT, CONICET\u2010UNC)  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5282-5931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franco Nicolas","family":"Nazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba (UNC) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas F\u00edsicas y Naturales Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos (ICTA)  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas y Tecnol\u00f3gicas (IIBYT, CONICET\u2010UNC)  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"},{"name":"Microfluidics Cluster UPV\/EHU, Analytical Microsystems &amp; Materials for Lab\u2010on\u2010a\u2010Chip (AMMa\u2010LOAC) Group University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU  Vitoria\u2010Gasteiz Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"321","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bioethics and Animal Experiments in Argentina","volume":"32","author":"Abalos M. 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