{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:29:49Z","timestamp":1777624189346,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ten dromedary heads, aged between 12 and 18 months, were used to study the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses. The main aim of this work is to provide a detailed and comprehensive description of the anatomy of the dromedary paranasal sinuses and associated structures. By combining Computed Tomography (CT) scans and macroscopic anatomical sections, our study aimed to develop a CT atlas, accompanied by a 3D reconstruction of the healthy sinuses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The anatomical study of the dromedary paranasal sinuses was carried out using fenestrations and transverse anatomical sections and allowed us to study the location and the exact extent of each of these sinuses, as well as the topography and communication between the different sinus compartments. In our CT study, 19 images were obtained, enabling identification of the sinuses, associated deep structures and their communications. Thus, in the dromedary, the frontal sinus was very extensive in the frontal bone, divided into left and right sinuses, each frontal sinus being subdivided into cavities by numerous septa of variable size and position. The ventral conchal sinus was absent, and the maxillary sinus was single and not compartmentalised. The reconstructed 3D model was compared with anatomical sections to validate the accuracy of the observations. In view of these results, we propose to continue the CT study with a larger sample in order to assess variations according to breed or age and sex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T13:40:39Z","timestamp":1747143639000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Gross Anatomical Description and CT Scan of the Dromedary Paranasal Sinuses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9296-2834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bitsha\u2010Kitime Dieudon\u00e9","family":"Kabkia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy Histology and Embryology Department Inter\u2010State School of Sciences and Veterinary Medicine  Dakar Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lobna","family":"Ouertani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy Department National School of Veterinary Medicine (ENMV), Sidi Thabet  Ariana Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Lamari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy Department National School of Veterinary Medicine (ENMV), Sidi Thabet  Ariana Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Germain Nissao","family":"Magnibo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy Histology and Embryology Department Inter\u2010State School of Sciences and Veterinary Medicine  Dakar Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6941-3389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelmonem Ben","family":"Khalifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy Department National School of Veterinary Medicine (ENMV), Sidi Thabet  Ariana Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22865"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.13-0172"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Anatomical Features of Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses in the Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus)","volume":"17","author":"Bai Z. T.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"222","volume-title":"Anatomie Compar\u00e9e des Mammif\u00e8res Domestiques. Tome 1: Ost\u00e9ologie","author":"Barone R.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.515"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2014.963092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-010-9381-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2009.00586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"Hamdi H.2014. \u201cAnatomie Topographique et Tomodensitometrie de la T\u00eate de Dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius).\u201dTh\u00e8se Doct. M\u00e9d. V\u00e9t. ENMV Sidi Thabet."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489950181198"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","article-title":"Personal\u2010Computer\u2010based Three\u2010Dimensional Reconstruction and Simulation of Maxillary Sinus","volume":"24","author":"Kim H. J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/095777309X423022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917\u2010021\u201002748\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30078-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"Validity of Paranasal CT Image Reconstruction for Finite Element Models in Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"13","author":"Kunkel M. E.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Computational Methods in Applied Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0777-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00008.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-006-0041-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Anatomic Reference for Computed Tomography of the Paranasal Sinuses and their Openings in the Rayini Goat","volume":"03","author":"Shojaei B.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3989\/egeol.40605.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctep.2005.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0594-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tingelhoff K. A. I.Moral M. E.Kunkel et\u00a0al.2007. \u201cComparison Between Manual and Semi\u2010Automatic Segmentation of Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses From CT Images.\u201d InProceedings of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference 5505\u20135508. 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