{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T20:31:50Z","timestamp":1782851510614,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the effects of two different protocols, ketamine with dexmedetomidine (ketamine\u2010dexmedetomidine [KD]) and ketamine with propofol (ketamine\u2010propofol [KP]), on intubation time, selected cardiopulmonary parameters, and anaesthesia maintenance during canine orchiectomy in a clinical setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized clinical trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010six healthy dogs were undergoing orchiectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dogs were randomly assigned to the KD group [\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a013; single intravenous bolus of ketamine (5\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) combined with dexmedetomidine (10\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      )], or KP group [\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a013, an intravenous bolus of ketamine combined with propofol at a 1:2 concentration ratio and infused at a 0.2\u00a0mL\u00a0kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0min\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      rate for 120\u00a0s until jaw relaxation and the consumed amount recorded]. Orotracheal intubation followed the induction of anaesthesia. The cardiopulmonary variables were assessed at baseline and 5\u2010min intervals up to 30\u00a0min. A 20% increase in at least two variables, such as heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and respiratory rate, prompted the administration of top\u2010ups. Following surgery, the recovery time and quality were assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no significant difference in intubation time between KD (3.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8) and KP (2.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.9,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.121). Over time, HR and MAP significantly increased in the KP group compared to the KD group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The haemoglobin oxygen saturation was higher in the KD group (97.7%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.1%) compared to the KP (95.3%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.015). The duration of the top\u2010up requirement was longer in the KD group as compared to a single bolus of KP, with a mean difference of 31.2\u00a0min (95% CI 20.80\u201341.51) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both KP and KD combinations effectively maintain anaesthesia during canine castration surgery, demonstrating comparable intubation times. Although KP requires additional top\u2010ups, it potentially offers enhanced cardiovascular stability compared to KD. However, the use of KP necessitates support of body temperature and oxygenation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T23:59:12Z","timestamp":1748303952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Comparison of Ketamine\u2010Dexmedetomidine With Ketamine\u2010Propofol During Canine Orchiectomy: A Randomized Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8855-8847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mumin Gokhan","family":"Senocak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Atat\u00fcrk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egja.2014.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2007.02285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjane.2020.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2005.04033.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.9.1159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)10402-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"693","article-title":"Comparison of Ketamine\u2010Propofol and Ketamine\u2010Dexmedetomidine Combinations in Children for Sedation During Tooth Extraction","volume":"67","author":"Canpolat D. 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