{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T08:42:22Z","timestamp":1776242542385,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disease that affects dogs and humans alike, with nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) being the primary drug treatment for pain relief. This study hypothesised that pentoxifylline could be a potent therapeutic option for canine osteoarthritis, offering superior benefits compared to meloxicam. The study aimed to mitigate inflammation and degeneration, safeguard joint integrity, and assess pentoxifylline's potential as a safer and more effective alternative to NSAIDs in osteoarthritis management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>12 dogs with stifle osteoarthritis were divided into two groups: meloxicam (0.1\u00a0mg\/kg, subcutaneous) and pentoxifylline (10\u00a0mg\/kg, intramuscular). Clinical, radiological and biochemical examinations were conducted on days 0, 15, 30 and 60.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The pain scores were significantly lower in the meloxicam group on days 30 and 60 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). However, both groups had similar scores for other clinical evaluations (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). Serum C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) levels were lower in the pentoxifylline group on days 15 and 30, and serum IL\u20101\u03b2 levels were lower on days 15, 30 and 60 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Moreover, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP) levels in the pentoxifylline group showed a significant reduction on day 15 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Pentoxifylline reduced osteocalcin in serum and hyaluronic acid concentrations in synovial fluid on days 15 and 30 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). However, the level of cross\u2010linked C\u2010telopeptide of type 2 collagen in urine significantly decreased following meloxicam treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meloxicam relieves pain by protecting joint cartilage, while even low doses of pentoxifylline enhance joint perfusion and combat inflammation. Future research should explore higher pentoxifylline doses and its potential synergy with NSAIDs for superior osteoarthritis management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T13:00:50Z","timestamp":1748437250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pentoxifylline in Dogs With Osteoarthritis: Comparative Treatment and Efficacy Analysis With Meloxicam"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8656-037X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kurtulu\u015f","family":"Parlak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Selcuk University  Konya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4465-5511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuriza","family":"Zamirbekova Erdogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Selcuk University  Konya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3277-0336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tugba Melike","family":"Parlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Selcuk University  Konya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5356-8968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elgin Or\u00e7um","family":"Uzunlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Selcuk University  Konya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2738-6911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burak","family":"Dik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Selcuk University  Konya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"293","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options","volume":"104","author":"Abramoff B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medical Clinics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.2016.1109443"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Effects of Meloxicam on Serum Level of Bone Alkaline Phosphatase, Osteocalcin and Bone Density in a Sheep Model","volume":"3","author":"Al\u2010Mashhadane A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Enhanced Research in Science Technology & Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23940-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.4.514"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11102662"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"160","article-title":"Effect of Pentoxifylline on Fracture Healing: An Experimental Study","volume":"22","author":"Ayd\u0131n K.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Joint Diseases and Related Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08941939.2014.1002642"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"Canine Osteoarthritis and Treatments: A Review","volume":"5","author":"Bland S. 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