{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:43:26Z","timestamp":1790603006173,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ocular squamous cell carcinoma represents the most prevalent form of cancer in cattle and exerts a deleterious effect on animal welfare and breeders. This study sought to elucidate the relationship between DNA damage and apoptosis with the aim of advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. Nine bovine tissue samples with suspected ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. The taken tissue samples, in histopathological examinations by haematoxylin\u2010eosin (HE), staining revealed the presence of neoplastic cells exhibiting various grades of differentiation. It observed the presence of polygonal or ovoid\u2010shaped cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and vesicular cytoplasm, as well as mitotic figures and bizarre giant cells. Islets and caudal extensions of the tumour cells were observed to contain keratin deposits. Immunohistochemical staining of OSCC tissues was performed using \u03b3\u2010H2AX for DNA double\u2010strand breaks, 8\u2010OHdG for DNA oxidation and CASP\u20103 biomarkers for nuclear apoptosis. The immunohistochemical examination demonstrated that the expression of \ud835\udefe\u2010H2AX and 8\u2010OHdG was markedly elevated, while CASP\u20103 expression was relatively diminished in aggressive tumours. In contrast, the opposite was observed in low\u2010grade tumours. This study is the first to report DNA double\u2010stranded breaks in eye cancers, and it has also shown that DNA helix breaks and guanine oxidation are effective in cancer pathogenesis. It has also been determined that apoptotic defence reactions due to DNA damage are reduced. In light of these findings, we made a significant contribution to the development of BOSCC carcinogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T10:45:29Z","timestamp":1750934729000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Investigation of DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5777-964X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammet Bahaeddin","family":"D\u00f6rtbudak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology Harran University  \u015eanl\u0131urfa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6947-0356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerem","family":"Yener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery Harran University  \u015eanl\u0131urfa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2020.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.10-15"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Surgical Management of Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma\u2010a Review of Ten Cases","volume":"39","author":"Amritha V.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Veterinary Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.42-1-66"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2019.075"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"469","article-title":"Clinical and Histopathological Evaluation of Bovine Ocular and Periocular Neoplasms in 15 Cases in Sanliurfa Region","volume":"18","author":"Ceylan C.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kafkas \u00dcniversitesi Veteriner Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"244","article-title":"Meibomian Epithelioma of the Lower Eyelid in a Thoroughbred Horse","volume":"33","author":"Choi S. K.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2009.59"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pathological Investigation of Double\u2010Stranded DNA Breaks and DNA Oxidation in Natural Infection With Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis in Goats","volume":"34","author":"D\u00f6rtbudak M. B.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Revista Cientifica De La Facultade De Veterinaria"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00542-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2020.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/0973-9726.2022.00009.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/0973-970X.2020.00015.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24099\/vet.arhiv.2129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30782\/jrvm.937240"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"An Investigation of Bovine Papillomaviruses From Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Cattle","volume":"24","author":"Karakurt E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"332","article-title":"Evaluation of Tumor Prognostic Markers in Malignant Canine Mammary Carcinoma","volume":"36","author":"Kim H. W.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal"},{"issue":"95","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Detection of 8\u2010OHdG as a Diagnostic Biomarker","volume":"3","author":"Korkmaz K. S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Laboratory and Precision Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-509X.104499"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Pathology and Diagnosis of Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Bovines","volume":"19","author":"Kumar V.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences & Biotechnology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Apoptosis in Bovine Ocular Squamouse Cell Carcinomas","volume":"38","author":"Kutlu T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eurisian Journal of Veterinary Sciences"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"1101","article-title":"Efficacy of Different Treatment Modalities for Eye Cancer in Bovines","volume":"55","author":"Lakshmi M. P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Animal Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-018-4258-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR14630.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2013.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/arrb\/2024\/v39i130623"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/0973-970X.2020.00001.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-013-1555-2"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","first-page":"474","article-title":"Eyelid Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Dog","volume":"32","author":"Song C. H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2019.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2008.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv192"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2010.08.003"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","first-page":"442","article-title":"An Investigation of the Protective Effect of Rhododendron Luteum Extract on Cisplatin\u2010Induced DNA Damage and Nephrotoxicity and Biochemical Parameters in Rats","volume":"43","author":"Turan I.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2020.055"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Determination of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinomas by Immunohistochemistry","volume":"42","author":"Yildiz A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal"},{"issue":"796","key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cancer Metabolism: The Role of ROS in DNA Damage and Induction of Apoptosis in Cancer Cells","volume":"13","author":"Zhao Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolites"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70448","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.70448","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70448","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T12:21:24Z","timestamp":1774268484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.70448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.70448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.70448","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70448\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70448\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70448\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70448\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70448\/v4\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70448\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70448\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70448\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70448\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70448\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70448\/v4\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70448\/v4\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70448\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70448\/v4\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70448\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70448"}}