{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:39:23Z","timestamp":1789663163208,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Eimeria<\/jats:italic>\n spp. are protozoan parasites causing coccidiosis, a disease that leads to significant economic losses in livestock such as cattle, water buffalo, sheep and goats. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis assessed the prevalence and distribution of\n Eimeria<\/jats:italic>\n species in Iranian livestock to better understand the epidemiology of this parasitic infection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A comprehensive literature search was conducted in international and Persian databases for studies published from 1 January 2000 to 7 October 2024. Data on prevalence rates, sample sizes, age groups, genders, seasons, species identification and geographical distribution were analysed using a random\u2010effects model, with subgroup and meta\u2010regression analyses to identify potential sources of heterogeneity. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the robustness of the results.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n This systematic review included 25 studies comprising 29 datasets: 12 on sheep, 8 on cattle, 7 on goats and 2 on water buffalo. The overall weighted prevalence of\n Eimeria<\/jats:italic>\n spp. in Iranian livestock was 45% (95% CI: 32.9%\u201357.6%). Species\u2010specific pooled prevalence rates were highest in water buffalo (92.7%), followed by goats (75.6%), sheep (47%) and cattle (19.1%). Younger animals (under 1 year) showed a higher prevalence (65.2%) compared to older ones (48.8%), with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.03 (95% CI: 1.33\u20133.08), indicating increased susceptibility in younger livestock. Females exhibited slightly higher infection rates (42.9%) than males (42.7%), and prevalence peaked during spring and winter. A total of 35\n Eimeria<\/jats:italic>\n species were identified across Iranian livestock. Water buffalo had 14 species, with\n E. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n E. zuernii<\/jats:italic>\n being the most common. Cattle and sheep each had 13 species, with\n E. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n E. zuernii<\/jats:italic>\n predominating in cattle and\n E. intricata<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n E. ahsata<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n E. ovinoidalis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n E. faurei<\/jats:italic>\n predominating in sheep, while goats had 12, with\n E. arloingi<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n E. ninakohlyakimovae<\/jats:italic>\n and\n E. christenseni<\/jats:italic>\n being predominant in goats.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The findings highlight the critical need for effective control and prevention strategies to mitigate the health and economic impacts of\n Eimeria<\/jats:italic>\n spp. infections in Iranian livestock.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T04:24:07Z","timestamp":1749788647000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of the Prevalence, Species Distribution and Risk Factors of\n Eimeria<\/i>\n spp. in Iranian Livestock"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Reza Ataee","family":"Disfani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences Sabzevar Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariba","family":"Shadfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoonotic Diseases Research Center Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology School of Medicine Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology Faculty of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laya","family":"Shamsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Urmia University Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4005-2687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Asghari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences Khoy University of Medical Sciences Khoy Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1860-326X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milad","family":"Badri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahereh","family":"Davoodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science Kaz. 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