{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T22:23:56Z","timestamp":1790029436840,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endotoxaemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in equids due to perfusion impairment and possible destruction of the glycocalyx.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate our hypothesis that endotoxaemia induces changes in global cardiovascular and haematologic parameters and compromises glycocalyx integrity, evidenced by an early rise in plasma shedding products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vivo experiments<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a prospective, randomised, controlled experimental trial, endotoxaemia was induced with E. coli B55:O5 LPS 30\u00a0ng kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      over 30 min IV in six healthy adult horses ventilated with oxygen supplemented with isoflurane. Standard cardiovascular variables were recorded and calculated, and leucocyte counts, lactate, heparan sulphate and syndecan\u20101 concentration were determined at baseline (B) before endotoxin and at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min after endotoxin. Data were analysed using mixed models and adjusted by Tukey\u2010Kramer (SAS Enterprise Guide Software 7.1).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After endotoxin (120 min), a significant increase (p \u2264 0.05) in cardiac index (43 \u00b1 9\u00a0vs. 80 \u00b1 15\u00a0mL kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      min\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , p &lt; 0.01), in oxygen delivery index (8 \u00b1 3\u00a0vs. 17 \u00b1 4\u00a0mL min\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , p &lt;0.001), in pulse pressure variation (8 \u00b1 3\u00a0vs. 17 \u00b1 4, p &lt; 0.01) and in lactate (1.55 \u00b1 0,9\u00a0vs. 4.4 \u00b1 0.52\u00a0mmol L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , p &lt; 0.0001) occurred with a decrease in systemic vascular resistance index (247 \u00b1 87\u00a0vs. 83 \u00b1 20 dynes s kg cm\n                      <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                      , p &lt; 0.001), diastolic arterial blood pressure (69 \u00b1 14\u00a0vs. 38 \u00b1 5\u00a0mmHg; p &lt; 0.001), and leucocyte counts (5.6 \u00b1 1.3\u00a0vs. 1.5 \u00b1 0.3 G l\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , p &lt; 0.0001). No changes in the glycocalyx degradation products could be found.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short\u2010term experimental endotoxaemia under isoflurane induced anticipated cardiovascular changes but did not alter glycocalyx shedding products in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T10:49:29Z","timestamp":1750330169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Induced Endotoxaemia on Global Cardiovascular, Oxygenation and Haematologic Variables and the Integrity of the Endothelial Glycocalyx in the Horse"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4094-7915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Neudeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Horses University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Clinic for Small Animals University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp K.","family":"Sauter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. Pohl\u2010Boskamp GmbH &amp; Co. KG  Hohelockenstedt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette P. N.","family":"Kutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Anaesthesiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Steblaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Anaesthesiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz J.","family":"S\u00f6bbeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Small Animals University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Reiners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tier\u00e4rztliche Kinik f\u00fcr Kleintiere am Kaiserberg  Duisburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fritjof","family":"Freise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biometry Epidemiology and Information Processing University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro. 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