{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:15:20Z","timestamp":1772118920603,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly infectious and often fatal disease in dogs, affecting various systems. Despite vaccination efforts, cases of distemper, especially the neurological form, remain a global concern due to its high fatality rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effectiveness of phenobarbital and prednisolone in treating the neurological form of canine distemper (CD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty\u2010five dogs with neurological signs of CD were included in the study after careful clinical examination. Confirmation of CD was based on clinical signs, rapid diagnostic tests, and RT\u2010PCR testing of blood and\/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Dogs were treated with oral phenobarbital (2.5\u00a0mg\/kg) and prednisolone (0.55\u00a0mg\/kg) every 12 h. Treatment outcomes were categorised as recovered, died, or euthanised.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of the 35 dogs, 25 tested positive for CDV. Among positive cases (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 25), two dogs mostly recovered, one dog partially recovered, one dog remained unchanged, 18 died (15 died naturally and three were euthanised), and three dogs were lost to follow\u2010up. In the negative test group (10 dogs), eight dogs died, the outcome of one dog was unknown and one dog remained unchanged. Disease duration ranged from 2 to 586 days (average: 72 days in positive cases, 59.2 days in negative cases). The low recovery rate (8%) suggests limited effectiveness of the treatments used, including prednisolone, particularly for myoclonus, which was the most frequent clinical sign. Regarding seizure management, while our study observed some effectiveness of phenobarbital in controlling seizures, it's important to note that the efficacy of phenobarbital can vary.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Small sample size and owner non\u2010compliance limited the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest limited benefit from prednisolone for neurological CD. Further research is necessary to develop more effective treatment strategies for this devastating canine viral disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T14:31:04Z","timestamp":1755700264000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Phenobarbital and Prednisolone on Neurological Signs of Canine Distemper"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4856-6244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Asghar","family":"Sarchahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ferdowsi University of Mashhad  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Arbabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ferdowsi University of Mashhad  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Mohebalian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ferdowsi University of Mashhad  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22201\/fmvz.24486760e.2022.1044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJNT.2016.074536"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/163860"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387211009210"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112329"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Assessment of Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Dogs","volume":"6","author":"Latha D.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Biotechnolog"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12557"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Prevalence of Canine Distemper in Dogs Referred to Veterinary Hospital of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran","volume":"14","author":"Mousafarkhani F.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Veterinary Research Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Clinical Progression of Naturally Occurring Canine Distemper Encephalomyelitis Cases","volume":"41","author":"Ranjithkumar M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.017780-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"563","article-title":"Evaluation of Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Effectiveness in Dogs With Neurological Signs of Canine Distemper","volume":"13","author":"Sarchahi A. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Veterinary Research Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.790"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","volume-title":"Greene's Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat","author":"Sykes J. E.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"Teixeira C. M. C. J. F.Vieira andC. M.Silva.2009. \u201cUse of Saint Germain Flower Essences as a Supplemental Treatment for Canine Distemper.\u201d paper presented at theProceedings of the 34th World Small Animal Veterinary Congress WSAVA S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil IVIS July 21\u201324 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12457"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2057-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14071520"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70479","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T12:05:18Z","timestamp":1758715518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.70479"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.70479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.70479","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70479\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70479\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70479\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70479\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70479\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70479\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70479\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70479\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70479\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70479\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70479\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70479"}}