{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:15:28Z","timestamp":1774271728190,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The extent to which muscle strain or tears are affecting race performance in horses is unknown because it is difficult to objectively identify muscle damage. One approach includes the use of physiological markers in blood. Recently, we linked the level of plasma thiol\u2010oxidised albumin, an oxidative stress biomarker, to muscle damage in humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This aim of this work was to investigate whether the level of plasma thiol\u2010oxidised albumin was elevated in the days following a thoroughbred horse race.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u2018In vivo\u2019 experiments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood collection was performed by each trainer at their respective stable. Dried blood samples were collected for the level of thiol\u2010oxidised albumin before and each day for 7 days post\u2010race. Liquid blood samples were collected for analysis of the muscle enzymes creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) before and on Day 2 and 5 post\u2010race and were analysed by external pathology centre.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The level of thiol\u2010oxidised albumin peaked at 2 days post\u2010race, increasing by 3.9 \u00b1 0.7% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and returned to pre\u2010race levels by Day 5. Thiol\u2010oxidised albumin also correlated with the activity of AST (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.2,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01). The time of recovery for thiol\u2010oxidised albumin varied between individual horses, some recovered at Day 3 post\u2010race whereas others extended beyond 7 days post\u2010race.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No histological or imaging diagnosis was conducted to confirm that horses with elevated levels of thiol\u2010oxidised albumin also had definitive evidence of muscle damage. The activity of CK and AST was not measured daily, as was the case for the level of thiol\u2010oxidised albumin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The level of thiol\u2010oxidised albumin has the potential to be useful in managing recovery and return to training or competition in horse following a bout of damaging exercise, particularly given the ease of collecting small serial small blood samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T17:49:09Z","timestamp":1752256149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Level of Thiol\u2010Oxidised Plasma Albumin Is Elevated Following a Race in Australian Thoroughbred Horses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0854-8041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics International  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9472-3450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin M.","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular\u00a0Sciences University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10081241"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11061176"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"The Effects of Physical Exercise on Some Plasma Enzymes and Ca and P Levels in Race Horses","volume":"28","author":"Arslan M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Veteriner Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12666"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13519"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2022.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0491(98)10001-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10112046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"Muscle Tears as a Primary Cause of Lameness in Horses: 14 Cases (2009\u20102016)","volume":"61","author":"Cullen T. E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.718866"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2025.105630"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.13712"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2023.104882"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2011.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241273"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"807","article-title":"Reference Change Values","volume":"50","author":"Fraser C. G.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.103863"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2009.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-024-05488-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70155"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2019.1708347"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101669"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.6.1622S"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588602300409"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478061508979202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091448"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Elevation of Blood Creatine Kinase and Selected Blood Parameters After Exercise in Thoroughbred Racehorses (Equus caballus L.)","volume":"2","author":"Octura J. E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Agriculture and Animal Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00971.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15030300"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AN17685"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240317"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00454.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05297.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02893.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2010.00597.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2019.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(00)00286-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9988"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15514"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12091203"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70487","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.70487","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70487","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T12:20:55Z","timestamp":1774268455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.70487"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.70487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.70487","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70487\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70487\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70487\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70487\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70487\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70487\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70487\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70487\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70487\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70487"}}