{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:15:58Z","timestamp":1791810958519,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Citrobacter freundii<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a zoonotic bacterium with special public health importance as a carrier and source of multidrug resistance (MDR) genes. Here, the prevalence, genetic heterogeneity, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of\n                    <jats:italic>C. freundii<\/jats:italic>\n                    from chicken and red meat in Shahrekord, Iran, were examined. Cross\u2010sectional design and a combination of molecular methods with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD\u2010PCR), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC\u2010PCR), and repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP\u2010PCR) and phenotypic methods were used for identifying genotypic patterns and resistance markers such as\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      bla\n                      <jats:sub>CTX\u2010M<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    , q\n                    <jats:sub>nr<\/jats:sub>\n                    (within PMQR plasmids), and sul1 genes. RAPD\u2010PCR was the most discriminative and identified significant genetic diversity in the poultry isolates. The findings describe an alarming prevalence of MDR with resistance patterns correlated with farming practice and antibiotic exposure. Seasonal patterns in the degree of contamination were also described, highlighting focused intervention and judicious antimicrobial stewardship. The research emphasises the utilisation of integrated surveillance systems and molecular diagnostic approaches to mitigate the public health issues resulting from\n                    <jats:italic>C. freundii<\/jats:italic>\n                    throughout the food chain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T08:05:31Z","timestamp":1761120331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Unraveling Genetic Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in\n                    <i>Citrobacter freundii<\/i>\n                    Isolates From Meat Products: Implications for Food Safety and Public Health"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hussein","family":"Khodabandeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Basic Sciences Shahrekord Branch Islamic Azad University  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0606-6575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaheh","family":"Tajbakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Basic Sciences Shahrekord Branch Islamic Azad University  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0678-2528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faham","family":"Khamesipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Drug Research Center Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Momtaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Basic Sciences Shahrekord Branch Islamic Azad University  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8496-1666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manochehr","family":"Momeni shahraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Basic Sciences Shahrekord Branch Islamic Azad University  Shahrekord Iran"},{"name":"Food and Drug Research Center Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahrekord Branch Islamic Azad University  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5624709"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"263","article-title":"Detection of Quorum Sensing Signal Molecules and Identification of espB and Crt4 Genes Among Biofilm Forming of Citrobacter Freundii","volume":"14","author":"Al\u2010Daraghi W. A. H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al\u2010Haider S. M. K. S.Al\u2010Niaeem andA. K.Resen.2019. \u201cIsolation of Citrobacter Species From Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio Cultivated in Floating Cages at Al\u2010Hilla River Babylon Province.\u201d paper presented at theIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental ScienceThe 4th International Conference on Agricultural Sciences (4th ICAS) November 17\u201318 2019 Agriculture College\/University of Kerbala Kerbala City Iraq388 no.1:012036.IOP Publishing.","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/388\/1\/012036"},{"issue":"3101","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison of Techniques Used in Isolation and Identification of Salmonella Spp. and Related Genera From Raw Meat and Abattoir Environment of Basrah","volume":"143","author":"Al\u2010Iedani A. A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal for Sciences and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742\u20106596\/1999\/1\/012026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-24903-8_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frabi.2023.1276982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2018.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24925\/turjaf.v7i4.658\u2010664.2453"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.jahp\/2017\/5.3.115.119"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Molecular Study of Some Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Citrobacter Frundii Isolated From Human Diarrhea","volume":"11","author":"Bunyan I. 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K.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Genetic Profiling of Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Using Molecular Techniques","volume":"34","author":"Ranjbar R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbial Genetics Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30699\/ijp.2017.21506"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30539\/iraqijvm.v36i2.450"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","volume-title":"SAS\/STAT User's Guide, Version 9.1","author":"SAS Institute Inc","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12671"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.16072"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2021.0009"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","first-page":"1212","article-title":"Genotypic Diversity in Zoonotic Pathogens: Trends in Poultry\u2010associated C. freundii","volume":"101","author":"Smith R. 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