{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:16:37Z","timestamp":1772118997702,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Congenital eye malformations are uncommon and in some dog breeds, there is no evidence of their occurrence. This report aimed to describe the clinical and ultrasonographic findings of complex microphthalmia in Central Asian Shepherd dogs. Three 2\u2010month\u2010old female Central Asian Shepherd puppies from two litters were referred to our teaching hospital with the owner's complaint of eye abnormalities since birth. The puppies were alert on clinical examination, the vital signs were normal, and no other structural abnormalities were observed. In the ophthalmological assessments of all three dogs, the globe appeared bilaterally small and sunken in the orbit. In the ultrasound of the puppies\u2019 eyes, the lens thickness and axial length of the globe were greater and less than the values measured in the eyes of a healthy puppy of the same age and breed, respectively. Moreover, in all three puppies, the lenses were located in the vitreous chamber and displaced perpendicular to their natural axis. On the basis of this, bilateral complex microphthalmia and congenital ectopia lentis, two ocular malformations of unclear etiology, were diagnosed. Due to the possibility of an association between such malformations and a high grade of inbreeding in kennels, as well as environmental and genetic factors, these conditions can be limited by breeding efforts and pre\u2010breeding screening plans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T15:08:55Z","timestamp":1755616135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Complex Microphthalmia in Three Central Asian Shepherd Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5442-5552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Azargoun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Urmia University  Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3909-2144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Mohammad","family":"Hashemi\u2010Asl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Urmia University  Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3697-4718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shokoufa","family":"Deldar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Urmia University  Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"The Blue Book, Ocular Disorders Presumed to be Inherited in Purebred Dogs","author":"ACVO Genetics Committee","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.252.3.324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.274"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ectopia Lentis in Three Successive Generations: A Case Series Study","volume":"9","author":"Gazi S. 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