{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T07:40:13Z","timestamp":1785310813121,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bovine leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease that significantly impacts animal production and public health, leading to abortions and infertility in cattle. The aims of our study were (1) to quantitatively summarize the global and regional prevalence of anti\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      antibodies in bovines and (2) to determine the most frequently reported serovars and serogroups affecting bovines.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic literature search was conducted across five electronic databases and a search engine. Eligible studies were published between January 2018 and December 2023 in English, Spanish, or Portuguese and used the MAT for diagnosis. The methodological quality of the documents was assessed using published guidelines. Multilevel random\u2010effects logistic regression meta\u2010analysis models for single proportions, with parameters calculated via maximum likelihood, were used to estimate the pooled prevalence of anti\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      antibodies. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the\n                      <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      tests, whereas publication bias was evaluated with the Begg and Egger tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The meta\u2010analysis included 77 studies, estimating global pooled seroprevalence of 39.5% (95% CI: 33.1%\u201346.3%). The pooled seroprevalence was 42.7% in the Americas (95% CI: 34.5%\u201351.4%), 44.3% in Europe (95% CI: 6.7%\u201389.8%), 37.5% in Asia (95% CI: 25.4%\u201351.4%), and 27.4% in Africa (95% CI: 19.9%\u201336.4%). In 55 studies, 18 serovars were identified, with a higher frequency observed in Hardjo (31.1%), Pomona (9.8%), and Icterohaemorrhagiae (8.2%). Additionally, 65 studies reported serogroup\u2010specific seroprevalence, leading to Sejroe (54.9%), Pomona (9.9%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (8.5%), and Tarassovi (5.6%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The high global seroprevalence of anti\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      antibodies highlights the need for increased surveillance of leptospirosis in bovines. Preventive strategies should be improved to mitigate the effects of bovine leptospirosis in both animal production and public health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T11:00:21Z","timestamp":1753786821000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of Anti\u2010\n                    <i>Leptospira<\/i>\n                    Antibodies in Bovines (2018\u20132023) and Reported Serovars and Serogroups\u2014A Systematic Review With Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Fernanda","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n  Puerto Montt Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Az\u00f3car\u2010Aedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n  Puerto Montt Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8148-2571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Gallardo Paffetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Mayor  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0921-2611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Ricardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n Epidemiol\u00f3gica, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiolog\u00eda \u201cDr. Juan H. 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