{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:15:20Z","timestamp":1772118920430,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004421","name":"World Bank Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP\u2010C\u201003\u201068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP\u2010C\u201003\u201068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to molecularly characterize\n                    <jats:italic>Proteus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    , assess its antibiotic susceptibility and profile virulence genes in isolates from cattle showing clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in Bangladesh. A total of 61 samples, including nasal swabs and lung tissues, were collected from cattle of varying ages and sexes between January and June 2024. Samples were cultured in sterile nutrient broth and streaked onto nutrient agar, blood agar, and MacConkey agar. Identification was performed through Gram staining, biochemical assays and molecular techniques, including PCR and partial gene sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated using the disc diffusion method, and virulence genes were detected by PCR. The isolates exhibited swarming motility and hemolytic, greyish colonies on blood agar; small, circular, pale\u2010to\u2010yellow colonies with a fishy odour on MacConkey agar; and appeared as small, pink\u2010stained coccobacilli (singly or in pairs) under Gram staining. Biochemical testing showed positive reactions for catalase, methyl red, indole and Voges\u2013Proskauer tests, and negative results for lactose fermentation and oxidase. PCR confirmed\n                    <jats:italic>P. vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    in 11 samples (18%). Partial sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed 100% identity with strains reported in Germany and the USA. All isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone and levofloxacin but showed complete resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, ampicillin and tetracycline. PCR analysis also identified the presence of the virulence genes\n                    <jats:italic>luxS<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>rsbA<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This is the first report of\n                    <jats:italic>P. vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    associated with respiratory infections in cattle in Bangladesh.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T14:34:36Z","timestamp":1754750076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Characterization, Antibiogram, and Virulence Gene Profiling of\n                    <i>Proteus vulgaris<\/i>\n                    Isolated From Cattle With Bovine Respiratory Disease in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Md. Abdur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Animal Production Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farah","family":"Zereen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dipok Kumar","family":"Halder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md.","family":"Al\u2010Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock Services Quality Control Laboratory, Savar  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1487-5444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Golzar","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biodefense Research Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8036-0190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukumar","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Molecular Detection of Some Virulence Genesin Proteus mirabilis Isolated From Hillaprovince","volume":"3","author":"Abbas K. 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