{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T05:12:49Z","timestamp":1780722769644,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The bioactive compounds derived from plants offer promising avenues for discovering new treatments for various types of leishmaniasis. Approximately 22 alkaloids have been identified in different parts of the barberry plant, particularly in the roots. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of barberry (\n                    <jats:italic>Berberis vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) on the treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic>\n                    in a BALB\/c mouse by using pathological, immunohistochemical, and clinical methods. Thirty BALB\/c mice, aged 6\u20138 weeks, were purchased from the Razi Animal Laboratory at Karaj Institute and allowed for adaptation by 1 week. The mice were divided into three groups including control, treatment, and vehicle groups. Animals of both treatment and vehicle groups received a subcutaneous injection of 0.1\u00a0mL culture medium containing 2 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    promastigotes at the base of their tails. The vehicle and treatment groups received Vaseline alone and barberry root extract mixed (as ointment) in Vaseline, respectively. The intact mice were used as the control group without any intervention. After 32\u201335 days, the wounds were formed at the injection sites. The extract ointment was applied to treat the wounds three times daily for 28 days. The wound diameters were measured on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post\u2010treatments, and the skin tissue samples were investigated using haematoxylin and eosin staining. Clinical evaluations revealed that the wound size was significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to the controls (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). The treatment group also exhibited lower\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    parasite loads than other groups. Unlike the expression of TGF\u2010\u03b2, the mean level of IL\u20101 and IL\u20106 was significantly increased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) in the treatment group compared to other groups. These findings suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>Berberis vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    can effectively improve skin lesions caused by\n                    <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>\n                    by modulating inflammatory responses in the BLAB\/c mouse model.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T14:55:59Z","timestamp":1755874559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Therapeutic Effect of Barberry (\n                    <i>Berberis vulgaris<\/i>\n                    ) Root Extract on Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniosis in a BALB\/c Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4137-9056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadegh","family":"Shirian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahrekord University  Shahrekord Iran"},{"name":"Shiraz Molecular Pathology Research Center Dr Daneshbod Path Lab  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morteza Norouzi","family":"Cholcheh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahrekord University  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed Habibian","family":"Dehkordi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahrekord University Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4530-1125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behnam Bakhtiari","family":"Moghadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahrekord University  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161317"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akbar S.2020.Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review of Their Traditional Medical Uses and Scientific Justifications Springer Cham.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010030\u201016807\u20100.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16807-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"The Berberis Story: Berberis vulgaris in Therapeutics","volume":"20","author":"Arayne M. S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.04.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773213Y.0000000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00670"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respe.2018.05.429"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Murine Model by Alcoholic Extract of Berberis vulgaris","volume":"1","author":"Fata A.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjv058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6183965"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/304354"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Berberis vulgaris (Berberidaceae) and Its Main Component, Berberine Against Different Leishmania Species","volume":"9","author":"Mahmoudvand H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2016.1232042"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Evaluation of Th17 associated antigen in Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A comparative study in acute versus chronic human cutaneous Leishmaniasis using immunohistochemistry","volume":"36","author":"Mortazavi H.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tropical Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00557"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2016.05.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Plant\u2010Derived Compounds in Treatment of Leishmaniasis","volume":"16","author":"Oryan A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13566"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Incidence, Burden, and Trend of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Over Four Decades in Iran","volume":"48","author":"Piroozi B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health [Internet]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104721"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071\u2010020\u201004289\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3727-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000337450"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2014.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.5.918"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70578","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T12:01:49Z","timestamp":1758715309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.70578"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.70578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.70578","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70578\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70578\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70578\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70578\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70578\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70578\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70578"}}