{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:38:40Z","timestamp":1790707120926,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006396","name":"Qazvin University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["401000097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["401000097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a genetically diverse intestinal protozoan found in a wide range of human and animal hosts. The present study was conducted to identify the subtypes of\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in both humans and animals in Kermanshah province, Iran.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 820 stool samples from humans, cattle, sheep, and pigeons were examined using the formalin\u2010ethyl acetate concentration method. All isolates were cultured in clotted fetal bovine serum medium. DNA extraction, PCR amplification and sequencing were performed targeting an identical fragment of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. Phylogenetic tree and haplotype network were conducted by MEGA6 and PopART software. Data analysis was performed by Chi\u2010square and Fisher's exact tests, while a\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value of &lt; 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Totally,\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocyctis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was found in 9.1% and 4.5% of human samples using microscopy and growing in culture medium, respectively. A significant association was observed between\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection and both age and gastrointestinal symptoms. Two subtypes of ST2 and ST5 were identified in humans and livestock (cattle and sheep), respectively. The results of haplotype analysis showed clear classification of two groups and six haplotype (Group I and II) in the isolates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study highlights the zoonotic potential of\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      species in the studied region. The subtype distribution may inform preventive strategies and help elucidate transmission routes. Additionally, further research is needed to fully understand the pathogenic potential of this parasite.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T13:38:51Z","timestamp":1759153131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Subtype Identification of\n                    <i>Blastocystis sp<\/i>\n                    . Among Humans and Domestic Animals in the West of Iran"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4313-3255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pourya","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2093-9317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arezoo","family":"Bozorgomid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biology Research Center Health Technology Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Mirjalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Javadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine School of Medicine Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrzad","family":"Saraei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Medicine Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peyman","family":"Heydarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Medicine Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3257-5389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid Fasihi","family":"Harandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehran Ebrahimi","family":"Varkiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Velayat Hospital Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2159-4066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham","family":"Hajialilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Medicine Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084372"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2016.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2018.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2024.102124"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686\u2010020\u201000186\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence and Genotype Analysis of Blastocystis hominis in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Badparva E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.106876"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.14810"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Molecular Evidence for Zoonotic Transmission of Blastocystis Subtypes in Kurdistan Province, West of Iran","volume":"66","author":"Bahrami F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033\u2010024\u201010135\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2015.9.12444"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"156","article-title":"Blastocystis and Urticaria: Examination of Subtypes and Morphotypes in an Unusual Clinical Manifestation","volume":"148","author":"Casero R. 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