{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:07:33Z","timestamp":1774271253386,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022793","name":"Turun Yliopistos\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ticks are obligate haematophagous arthropods that serve as vectors for diverse pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and protozoa. In Finland, the two primary tick species,\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (castor bean tick) and\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes persulcatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (taiga tick), have been identified in the transmission of tick\u2010borne viruses (TBV), notably tick\u2010borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). This article reviews the epidemiology, public health interventions and research on ticks and TBVs in Finland over the past six decades (1960\u20132020), highlighting the marked increase in tick populations and the incidence of tick\u2010borne diseases in humans. Factors contributing to these trends include climate change, shifts in land use and alterations in ecosystem dynamics, which have expanded the geographical range and seasonal activity of ticks. This evolving epidemiological landscape poses significant public health challenges, necessitating effective monitoring and intervention strategies. Current research efforts focusing on understanding the dynamics of tick populations, the distribution of TBVs, and the effectiveness of TBEV vaccination and general prevention measures are crucial for mitigating risks associated with tick\u2010borne viral diseases in Finland.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T14:24:18Z","timestamp":1759587858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tick\u2010Borne Viruses in Finland: Public Health Risks, Interventions and Research Insights"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4371-0005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theophilus Yaw","family":"Alale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tero","family":"Klemola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6763-8477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jani J.","family":"Sormunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heli","family":"Harvala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Kakkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Tikkala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eero J.","family":"Vesterinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382\u2010021\u201005970\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01647950708684530"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189092"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4149\/av_2017_403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2015.301\u2010315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101540"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20100691.2004.01022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2470"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"852","article-title":"Identification of Kemerovo Tick\u2010Borne Fever Virus and Its Antigenic","volume":"23","author":"Chumakov M. 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