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Insects, such as the larvae of\n                      <jats:italic>Hermetia illucens<\/jats:italic>\n                      , represent a promising alternative protein source that has a positive effect on gut health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a partial replacement of soybean meal with\n                      <jats:italic>H. illucens<\/jats:italic>\n                      larvae meal on the caecal microbiota of laying hens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 162 hens were divided equally into three treatment groups: a control group (C) with a diet containing corn\u2013soybean meal and two treatment groups (HI25, HI50) in which 25% and 50% of the soybean meal protein was replaced by\n                      <jats:italic>H. illucens<\/jats:italic>\n                      larvae meal protein. At 40 weeks of age, 30 animals (10 per group) were slaughtered and the bacterial community of the caecal content was analysed by high\u2010throughput sequencing using the V4\u2013V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The DNA was extracted using the PowerSoil DNA Kit, the library preparation was performed using the NEBNext Fast DNA Library Prep Set kit and sequencing was performed using the Ion Torrent PGM. The bacterial diversity was assessed by alpha and beta diversity indices, and the differential abundance of taxa was determined using LEfSe analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phylum in all groups. Alpha diversity indices showed no significant differences between diets, however, beta diversity measures showed statistical dissimilarities between the three studied groups. Several beneficial genera, including\n                      <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Christensenellaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      R\u20107 group,\n                      <jats:italic>Parabacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Butyricimonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Parasutterella<\/jats:italic>\n                      , were enriched in the HI50 group, while\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Blautia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the opportunistic pathogen\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were reduced.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The consumption of\n                      <jats:italic>H. illucens<\/jats:italic>\n                      larvae meal showed beneficial effect on the microbiota of the caecum of laying hens, with 50% replacement showing the strongest positive effects, suggesting that this is the most effective amount under the given conditions. Further research should explore microbial functions and long\u2010term impacts, and validate the optimal levels of insect meal inclusion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T18:21:08Z","timestamp":1761070868000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Inclusion of\n                    <i>Hermetia Illucens<\/i>\n                    Larvae Meal in the Diet of Laying Hens (Hy\u2010Line Brown) Affects the Caecal Bacterial Composition and Diversity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5975-2272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiziana Maria","family":"Mahayri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Czech Academy of Science  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