{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T17:00:47Z","timestamp":1785085247858,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Doppler ultrasonography is a valuable tool for assessing testicular vascular function, but its application in buffaloes, particularly during puberty, remains limited. Establishing reference haemodynamic parameters for young bulls is crucial for early sire selection and reproductive management. The purpose of the study was to evaluate testicular haemodynamics and parenchymal echotexture in Murrah bulls of the pubertal\u2010stage and Mediterranean buffalo bulls using adapted bovine Doppler ultrasonography protocols. Thirteen clinically healthy buffalo bulls (7 Murrah, 6 Mediterranean) between 12 and 18 months old were examined. Testicular biometric data, greyscale echotexture (ImageJ) and Doppler indices, peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), and resistive index (RI) were recorded for the supratesticular artery. PSV was significantly higher in 16\u201318\u2010month\u2010old bulls compared to those aged 12\u201315 months (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05), suggesting increased arterial perfusion at the onset of puberty. Other Doppler indices did not show significant age\u2010related variation. B\u2010mode imaging revealed homogeneous echotexture in younger bulls, while older bulls exhibited more prominent hyperechoic linear patterns, consistent with the progress of spermatogenesis. Only the supratesticular artery was consistently visualised; intratesticular and marginal arteries were not measurable due to anatomical constraints. In conclusion, the peak systolic velocity (PSV) increased significantly with age, suggesting its potential as an early indicator of pubertal onset and breeding soundness. In contrast, other Doppler indices (PI, RI, EDV) remained stable, reflecting consistent vascular resistance during this developmental phase. B\u2010mode ultrasonography revealed age\u2010related echotextural changes, with the appearance of hyperechoic lines in older bulls likely associated with advancing spermatogenesis. Among testicular vessels, only the supratesticular artery was consistently visualised, the intratesticular and marginal arteries were not detected. By adapting bovine Doppler protocols to buffaloes, this study addresses a gap in veterinary andrology and provides a standardised approach for future research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T12:26:16Z","timestamp":1766751976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Testicular Assessment in a Selected Group of Young Buffaloes Using Doppler Ultrasonography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo dos Santos","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine Institute Federal University of Par\u00e1  Castanhal Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janaina Barroso dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine Institute Federal University of Par\u00e1  Castanhal Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moises Moreira","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine Institute Federal University of Par\u00e1  Castanhal Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aluizio Otavio Almeida da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine Institute Federal University of Par\u00e1  Castanhal Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayan da Cunha","family":"Rossy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine Institute Federal University of Par\u00e1  Castanhal Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel Santos e","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine Institute Federal University of Par\u00e1  Castanhal Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Melo Alves dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine Institute Federal University of Par\u00e1  Castanhal Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco D\u00e9cio de Oliveira","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute of Tocantins (IFTO) Campus Araguatins  Araguatins Tocantins Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa Pucci Bueno","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine Institute Federal University of Par\u00e1  Castanhal Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Eduarda Bastos Andrade Moutinho da","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery State University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Jaboticabal S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Moura","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Animal Production Federal Rural University of the Amazon  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinaldo Batista","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Animal Production Federal Rural University of the Amazon  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro Nassar","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery State University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Jaboticabal S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moys\u00e9s dos Santos","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary 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