{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:11:12Z","timestamp":1780564272082,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This cross\u2010sectional study determined the occurrence, distribution, molecular characteristics and antibiograms of\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    species recovered from beef and beef products retailed in the North\u2010West Province, South Africa. The study also investigated the factors associated with the contamination of these products by\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and their characteristics. Conventional methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were employed to detect and characterize the isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. In contrast, the disc diffusion method was used to determine their susceptibility to 16 antimicrobial agents. Four hundred beef products were randomly collected from 30 retail outlets across the North\u2010West Province. The prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and other\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. was 6% (24\/400) and 30.5% (122\/400), respectively (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Of the five variables (district, size of outlet, type of beef and beef products, product display temperature and types of presentation), only the type of beef and beef products had a statistically significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.034) effect on the occurrence of\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In contrast, none had any significant effect on other\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. Among the 24 isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , all five serogroups assayed were detected, with the predominant ones being IIb (45.8%), IVb (20.8%) and IIa (20.8%). All eight virulence genes assayed were detected, with\n                    <jats:italic>actA<\/jats:italic>\n                    (50%),\n                    <jats:italic>inlB<\/jats:italic>\n                    (45.8%) and\n                    <jats:italic>inlA<\/jats:italic>\n                    (41.7%) being the most frequently detected. All isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 24) and other\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0122) were resistant to one or more of the 16 antimicrobial agents tested. For\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, resistance was high to nalidixic acid (100%), enrofloxacin (41.7%) and cefoxitin (37.5%) but low to clindamycin (8.3%) and sulphamethoxazole\u2010trimethoprim (8.3%). The frequency of multi\u2010drug resistance (MDR) in the\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates was 95.8% (23\/24). Our study reveals the risk of human listeriosis in consumers of beef and beef products contaminated by virulent and antimicrobial\u2010resistant serogroups of\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the North\u2010West Province of South Africa.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T15:27:53Z","timestamp":1763134073000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence, Molecular Profile and Antibiotic Resistance of\n                    <i>Listeria<\/i>\n                    Species in Retail Beef Products in North\u2010West Province, South Africa: A Cross\u2010Sectional Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nduduzo C.","family":"Mtshali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nomakorinte","family":"Gcebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Department, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Agricultural Research Council  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebone","family":"Moerane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9470-9421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abiodun A.","family":"Adesiyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of the West Indies  St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1045599"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomea.00538\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109572"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfs.12578"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756\u2010020\u201000880\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18683\/germs.2020.1180"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06169"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02745\u201022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030487"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods8110542"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2022.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00946"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.42.8.3819\u20103822.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2018.5500"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmmcr.0.003103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00088"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2024.100322"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/8891963"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12081062"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12051003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10071308"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201054459\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109341"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14836"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2012.11.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8010135"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12040844"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8050791"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci9010014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/JFP\u201022\u2010090"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12061346"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2021.737435"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/microbiol.2021004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00060\u201019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10040482"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.112040"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.857900"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2023.0136"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108358"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tau\u201023\u201083"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.669287"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8081152"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfs.12629"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820000473"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12152956"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","unstructured":"Moabelo K. C.2022. \u201cPrevalence and Characteristics of Listeriaspp. Isolated From Cattle and Beef Products in Mpumalanga South Africa.\u201d MSc thesis University of Pretoria."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfs.13055"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.334"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD).2018.Listeriosis Outbreak Situation Report.Department of Health Republic of South Africa."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2020.101447"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2019.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"A Multiplex PCR for Detection of Virulence\u2010Associated Genes in Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"9","author":"Rawool D.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Internet Journal of Food Safety"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1351983"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2024.104215"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10081679"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14674\/IJFS\u20101617"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472\u2010765X.1994.tb00458.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.57187\/s.3745"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10070851"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","first-page":"214","volume-title":"Veterinary epidemiology","author":"Thrusfield M.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2024.106896"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35378\/gujs.972909"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109962"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1161486"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21323\/2414\u2010438X\u20102022\u20107\u20104\u2010238\u2010246"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.551020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1078201"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70680","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.70680","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70680","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T12:14:26Z","timestamp":1774268066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.70680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.70680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.70680","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70680\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70680\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70680\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70680\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70680\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70680\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70680\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70680\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70680\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70680\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70680\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70680"}}