{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:25:59Z","timestamp":1777512359643,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Canine herpesvirus\u20101 (CHV\u20101), as a member of the\n                    <jats:italic>Varicellovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae and family Herpesviridae, is mainly transmitted at birth but can also spread venereally and transplacentally. In addition, CHV\u20101 establishes a latent carrier state in the body and can reactivate due to stress or immunosuppression. CHV\u20101 distribution varies worldwide but is believed to have a global distribution. CHV\u20101 infection in adult canines can manifest as a spectrum of ocular from eyelid inflammation (blepharitis) and conjunctival inflammation (conjunctivitis) to more severe corneal conditions, including ulcerative and non\u2010ulcerative keratitis. Moreover, CHV\u20101 in adult canines can lead to a range of reproductive effects, from submucosal vascular congestion and bleeding to foetal expulsion and preterm birth of live offspring. Subclinical or mildly symptomatic upper respiratory tract disease can manifest in juvenile and adult canines. Prophylactic topical antimicrobial therapy is recommended to prevent disease progression in dogs with CHV\u20101 ocular disease. However, the environmental temperature increase for affected puppies fails to modify the disease progression. Environmental variables, including breeding facility size and animal population density, facilitate herpesvirus transmission and subsequent immune responses. There are various diagnostic techniques, but the most prevalent method is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for viral DNA detection. Due to the global distribution of the virus and its effects, such as ocular and reproductive effects and subsequent financial losses, it is recommended that infected dogs be identified and treated promptly, as well as prevent its transmission.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T16:30:44Z","timestamp":1763569844000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and Clinical Impacts of Canine Herpesvirus\u20101 (CHV\u20101) in Dogs: A Review of Reproductive Effects and Ocular Lesions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sina","family":"Soleimani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi Vaccine &amp; Serum Research Institute Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)  Karaj Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7066-0344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Ghorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tabriz  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1754-2156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir Mohammad","family":"Naghshe Javaheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tabriz  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahdiye","family":"Shirafkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tabriz  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Bakhtiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Ar.C., Islamic Azad University  Arak Iran"},{"name":"Applied Neuroscience Research Center Ar.C., Islamic Azad University  Arak Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","first-page":"394","article-title":"Clinical Considerations of Canine Herpesvirus Infection","volume":"86","author":"Anvik J","year":"1991","journal-title":"Veterinary Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","first-page":"2067","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Canine Herpesvirus in Specific\u2010Pathogen\u2010Free Dogs: 5\u2010 to 12\u2010Week\u2010Old Pups","volume":"30","author":"Appel M.","year":"1969","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2010.01155.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01754-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.15-0543"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Effect of Progesterone and Pregnancy on the Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 In Vivo","volume":"15","author":"Bujko M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-12-3021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(96)01227-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2015000600012"},{"issue":"113","key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","first-page":"803","article-title":"Clinical and Pathologic Features of a Fatal Viral Disease of Newborn Pups","volume":"26","author":"Carmichael L.","year":"1965","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2005.00868.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.104780"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0167"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2007.01008.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2007.01008.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2010.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","volume-title":"Diagnosis of Canine Herpetic Infections. 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