{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:01:57Z","timestamp":1774270917916,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009374","name":"Pakistan Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Paramphistomosis, a parasitic disease of ruminants caused by flukes of the family Paramphistomidae (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) and leads to significant economic losses. Primarily, their predilection site is rumen as evident from their common name \u2018ruminal flukes\u2019 and occasionally find in other visceral organs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of paramphistome infection in the rumens and livers of livestock followed by histopathological examination of the affected tissues. A total of 384 animals were screened for paramphistome infection at a local abattoir in the Narowal district. Liver and rumen tissue samples from infected animals were excised, fixed in buffered formalin, and processed using the paraffin\u2010embedding technique. Tissue\u2010paraffin blocks were sectioned with the thickness of 5\u00a0\u00b5m through microtome and stained using the Harri's haematoxylin and eosin methods. The prevalence of paramphistomosis in ruminants was 49.74% with sex and age of host having a statistically significant association (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) with the magnitude of infection; however, species of host and months were not significantly associated (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.05). Of the total cases having rumens positive for paramphistomes, 7.29% were also tested positive for liver infections; however, no adult or immature\n                    <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. were detected. Infected rumens had significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) reduced epithelial thickness (30.50 \u00b1 1.83\u00a0\u00b5m), accompanied by severe haemorrhages in hepatic tissues and blood congestion in hepatic vessels. Further, the central hepatic vein was found having a significantly larger diameter (39.56 \u00b1 2.72\u00a0\u00b5m) as compared to that of healthy livers (29.76 \u00b1 3.15\u00a0\u00b5m). The paper provides a maiden data on the paramphistome infection in livers along with rumens of ruminants in Pakistan. Hence, the findings suggest that paramphistome infection may pose a potential threat to nutrient absorption and overall metabolic health in ruminants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T15:45:02Z","timestamp":1763135102000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Abattoir\u2010Based Prevalence and Histopathological Analysis of Paramphistomes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) in the Livers and Rumens of Ruminants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6048-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafiz Muhammad","family":"Rizwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Parasitology Department of Pathobiology KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences  Narowal Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Adeel","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences  Bahawalpur Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urfa Bin","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Agriculture  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Sargison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Easter Bush Veterinary Centre Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh  Roslin Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Sohail","family":"Sajid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Agriculture  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Razia","family":"Kausar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Agriculture Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohsin","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Physiology Department of Basic Sciences KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences  Narowal Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haider","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Parasitology Department of Pathobiology KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences  Narowal Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Histology Department of Basic Sciences KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences  Narowal Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dalia","family":"Fouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farid S.","family":"Ataya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.13475"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/kvmj.2009.107145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1018854"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ruminants3010004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2017.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Prevalence and Pathology of Amphistomosis in Buffaloes and Cattle in Pakistan","volume":"17","author":"Cheema A. 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