{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T17:00:47Z","timestamp":1785085247635,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and heavy metals in tilapia (\n                      <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) has significant public health concerns.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study was aimed at detecting antibiotic resistance genes in\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and determine the heavy metal contamination in tilapia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 250 tilapias were aseptically collected from Khulna, Bangladesh, from 12 October to 12 November 2023.\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      were isolated using real\u2010time PCR targeting\n                      <jats:italic>16S\u201023S ITS<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        IntI, bla\n                        <jats:sub>CTX\u2010M<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        bla\n                        <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        bla\n                        <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      genes. Disc diffusion assay and bivariate analysis were performed for investigating the antibiogram, with multivariable linear regression analysis for the potential predictors of multidrug resistance (MDR). Heavy metals were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. was 35.6% (89\/250). Out of 30\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., 24 were positive for\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which were highly resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin and ceftazidime. Bivariate analysis showed significant correlations between the antibiotics. MDR isolates were 70.83% (17\/24), and the multiple antibiotic resistance index ranged from 0.08 to 0.7. Misuse or overuse of antibiotics was the potential predictor of MDR. Among 24\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 11 were positive for\n                      <jats:italic>IntI<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 15 for\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        bla\n                        <jats:sub>CTX\u2010M<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      , 8 for\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        bla\n                        <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      and 13 for\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        bla\n                        <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      . The concentrations of Cd and Zn were highest in Chitrali Bazar, Cr and Fe in Gallamary Bazar and Pb in Dumuria. For Fe, target hazard quotient values revealed a higher level of hazard index, where target cancer risk values exceeded the recommended value (&lt;10\n                      <jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and heavy metals in tilapia in this study should be a matter of concern to public health risk management.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T12:27:31Z","timestamp":1764505651000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antibiotic Resistance Genes in\n                    <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    and Heavy Metal Contamination in Tilapia (\n                    <i>Oreochromis niloticus<\/i>\n                    ): A Public Health Risk Assessment in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4906-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Sohidullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Public Health Khulna Agricultural University  Khulna Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2273-5932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Hamidur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquaculture Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abu","family":"Sayeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences Khulna Agricultural University  Khulna Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadia","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences Khulna Agricultural University  Khulna Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linta","family":"Yesmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences Khulna Agricultural University  Khulna Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. 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