{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:45:23Z","timestamp":1792597523641,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with garlic extract, mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and their combinations on growth performance, immunity, gut morphology and microbiota in broilers. A total of 250 Hubbard chicks were allocated into five groups: control (basal diet), garlic extract, MOS, Combo\u2010I (half doses of both) and Combo\u2010II (full doses of both). The trial lasted 42 days under standard management conditions. Results demonstrated that Combo\u2010I consistently improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter, grower and finisher phases (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), highlighting a synergistic effect of the combined supplements. Carcass weight was significantly enhanced in Combo\u2010II (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.03), although dressing percentage and organ weights were not affected (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Immunological parameters were strongly influenced by supplementation. Combo\u2010I induced the highest antibody titres against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), with Combo\u2010II ranking second, whereas single additives showed moderate improvements compared to the control. Similarly, serum immunoglobulin concentrations (IgM, IgA and IgG) were greatest in Combo\u2010I, confirming enhanced humoral immunity. Gut morphology was significantly improved in the combination groups, particularly Combo\u2010I, which showed increased villus height, wider villi, reduced crypt depth, and the highest villus:crypt ratio (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), reflecting superior absorptive potential. Although differences in ileal microbiota were not statistically significant, both combination treatments reduced\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    counts while promoting\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. populations. In conclusion, the combined use of garlic extract and MOS, especially at half doses (Combo\u2010I), optimally improved growth, immune response, gut architecture and microbial balance, offering a synergistic strategy for enhancing broiler performance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T03:53:08Z","timestamp":1767757988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Synergistic Effects of Garlic Extract and Mannan\u2010Oligosaccharide Prebiotic Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Quality, Immunity, Gut Morphology and Microbiome in Broiler Chickens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Azizullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Science Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of Agriculture Peshawar  Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Mushtaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Science Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of Agriculture Peshawar  Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muqadar","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Sciences Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of Agriculture Peshawar  Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0924-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rifat Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Sciences Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of Agriculture Peshawar  Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha","family":"Alonaizan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology College of Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabana","family":"Naz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Government College University  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7998-0344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ala","family":"Abudabos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Animal Sciences College of Agriculture Tennessee State University  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0934-0097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Israr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Task  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14030498"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250\u2010025\u201004481\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2024.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2024.215"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47278\/journal.ijvs\/2024.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.3.716S"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2025.2495985"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Effect of Feeding Garlic (Allium sativum) as Prebiotic on the Performance of Broiler Chicken","volume":"7","author":"Borgohain B.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Livestock Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"468","article-title":"Effect of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) 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