{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T17:00:48Z","timestamp":1785085248452,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014189","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["322092\u201004\u20101\u2010HD030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["322092\u201004\u20101\u2010HD030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014189","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102024\u201000398561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102024\u201000398561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Lymphoma is the most common malignant neoplasm in dogs. However, retrobulbar lymphoma, a type of orbital lymphoma, is rarely reported in dogs. An 8\u2010year\u2010old neutered male Shih Tzu dog presented with bilateral exophthalmos. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral retrobulbar masses and enlargement of the salivary glands and cranial mediastinum. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry of the retrobulbar tissue confirmed large B\u2010cell lymphoma. On the cytologic analysis, intermediate\u2010to\u2010large malignant lymphocytes were predominant in the retrobulbar tissue (&gt;80%); however, they accounted for 30%\u201350% of the cranial mediastinum, submandibular lymph nodes and salivary glands. Flow cytometry of the retrobulbar lesion showed a B\u2010cell phenotype (cluster of differentiation [CD]3\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD4\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD5\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD8\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD21\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD34\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD79a\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/major histocompatibility complex II), whereas the cranial mediastinum, submandibular lymph node and salivary gland exhibited a heterogeneous cell population. Polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement demonstrated clonality with immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, indicating a B\u2010cell origin. Chemotherapy with\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010asparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone was initiated; however, neurological symptoms developed after the first cycle. Subsequent cerebrospinal fluid cytology and flow cytometry suggested central nervous system involvement in the lymphoma, and the dog was euthanized owing to disease progression despite the addition of lomustine. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral retrobulbar large B\u2010cell lymphoma with multifocal involvement in a dog. A comprehensive assessment of diagnostic modalities is essential to diagnose extranodal lymphoma and assess extranodal involvement.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T03:53:38Z","timestamp":1767758018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Diagnostic Utilities in a Canine Retrobulbar Large B\u2010Cell Lymphoma With Multifocal Involvement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8071-211X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rankyung","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Gyeongsang National University  Jinju South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2888-5782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeona","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Gyeongsang National University  Jinju South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1301-4033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu\u2010Woan","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Gyeongsang National University  Jinju South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5116-6006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong\u2010In","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Gyeongsang National University  Jinju South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7645-6926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"DoHyeon","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Gyeongsang National University  Jinju South 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