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Various ectoparasites can infest bats and harbour the bacteria, serving as important vectors for diverse\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and diversity of\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. in bat ectoparasites, as well as to identify the species of ectoparasites involved.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bat ectoparasites were collected from four species of insectivorous bats in Ratchaburi, central Thailand. The ectoparasites were identified using the Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (\n                      <jats:italic>COI)<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene (bat flies, fleas and bugs) and the\n                      <jats:italic>16S<\/jats:italic>\n                      rRNA gene (mites and ticks).\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      was screened and sequenced using the\n                      <jats:italic>rpoB<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>gltA<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes, followed by phylogenetic relationships and haplotype diversity analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 106 bat ectoparasites were identified, including\n                      <jats:italic>Phthiridium<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp.,\n                      <jats:italic>Raymondia<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp.,\n                      <jats:italic>Nycteribia<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (bat flies), and other ectoparasites such as\n                      <jats:italic>Spinturnix<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (mites),\n                      <jats:italic>Cimex<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (bugs),\n                      <jats:italic>Ixodes<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (ticks) and\n                      <jats:italic>Orchopeas<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (fleas). The detection of\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      , based on\n                      <jats:italic>rpoB<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\/or\n                      <jats:italic>gltA<\/jats:italic>\n                      , was positive in 48 specimens (45.28%) of\n                      <jats:italic>Phthiridium<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (32.08%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a034),\n                      <jats:italic>Raymondia<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (9.43%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a010),\n                      <jats:italic>Nycteribia<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (1.89%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a02),\n                      <jats:italic>Spinturnix<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (0.94%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01) and\n                      <jats:italic>Cimex<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (0.94%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01). Phylogenetic analysis of\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella rpoB<\/jats:italic>\n                      sequences revealed the presence of six distinct lineages (I\u2013VI), whereas five lineages (I\u2013V) were identified based on\n                      <jats:italic>gltA<\/jats:italic>\n                      sequences. Genetic diversity analysis showed high diversity, shared between bat hosts and their ectoparasites.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study represents the first report of\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. detected in bat ectoparasites in Thailand, thereby providing novel molecular evidence of\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      diversity and circulation within bat ectoparasite populations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T09:58:03Z","timestamp":1769853483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Molecular Detection and Genetic Diversity of Bat\u2010Associated\n                    <i>Bartonella<\/i>\n                    spp. in Bat Ectoparasites Collected From Ratchaburi Province, Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0223-8787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakone","family":"Sunantaraporn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Vector Biology and Vector\u2010Borne Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok 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