{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T09:49:19Z","timestamp":1791798559026,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This short\u2010term study evaluated the effects of dietary betaine supplementation over 4 weeks on feed intake, milk production, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, and ruminal microbial communities in heat\u2010stressed Holstein cows. Thirty lactating cows were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group supplemented with 80\u00a0g\/day of natural betaine extract for 4 weeks during summer. Betaine supplementation significantly increased dry matter intake (21.0\u00a0vs. 18.7\u00a0kg\/day;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2264 0.05) and milk yield (35.4\u00a0vs. 31.2\u00a0kg\/day;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2264 0.05) compared to the control. Milk composition, including fat and protein content, also improved (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2264 0.05). Cows receiving betaine had lower rectal temperatures (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.02) and respiration rates (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.01), indicating reduced heat stress. Serum concentrations of inflammatory markers\u2014ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A\u2014were significantly lower in the betaine group by Week 4 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2264 0.05). Plasma and rumen amino acid profiles, particularly lysine and methionine, were better preserved in the betaine group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2264 0.05). Ruminal concentrations of volatile fatty acids increased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2264 0.05), and the abundance of beneficial microbial species, such as\n                    <jats:italic>Fibrobacter succinogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Megasphaera elsdenii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , was enhanced (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2264 0.05). These findings suggest that betaine supplementation is an effective nutritional strategy to improve dairy cow performance, reduce inflammation, and stabilise ruminal microbiota during heat stress.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:49:36Z","timestamp":1773013776000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Short\u2010Term Impact of Betaine Supplementation on Ruminal Microbial Relative Abundance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Metabolites, and Milk Composition in Heat\u2010Stressed Dairy Cows"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdelmegeid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine University of Al Dhaid  Sharjah UAE"},{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafrelsheikh University  Kafr el\u2010Sheikh Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walaa","family":"Elhendawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafrelsheikh University  Kafr el\u2010Sheikh Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmy Kamal","family":"Elnafarawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Zeineldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Benha University  Banha Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabiha","family":"Seboussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine University of Al Dhaid  Sharjah 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