{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T09:49:08Z","timestamp":1791798548903,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Precursor\u2010targeted immune\u2010mediated anaemia (PIMA) is an uncommon and poorly understood cause of persistent non\u2010regenerative anaemia in dogs and cats, characterised by ineffective erythropoiesis and frequently associated with rubriphagocytosis (RP) in bone marrow samples. An immune\u2010mediated mechanism directed against erythroid precursors is suspected, although the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Most affected animals respond to glucocorticoids, while additional immunosuppressants are required in refractory cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>An 8\u2010year\u2010old spayed mixed\u2010breed female dog was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Valenzano, Italy) with a 70\u2010day history of progressive non\u2010regenerative anaemia. Initial complete blood count revealed moderate, normocytic, normochromic anaemia, while serum biochemistry showed mild increases in alanine aminotransferase, total serum iron, and C\u2010reactive protein without signs of haemolysis. Bone marrow cytology demonstrated erythroid hypoplasia with maturation arrest but no RP. Flow cytometric testing confirmed anti\u2010RBC antibodies, supporting a diagnosis of PIMA. The dog was treated with prednisolone (2\u00a0mg\/kg\/day), which induced a rapid regenerative response within 3 days. Due to steroid\u2010related adverse effects, mycophenolate mofetil was introduced, allowing gradual tapering and eventual discontinuation of corticosteroids. Hyperferraemia resolved after immunosuppressive therapy. After one year, the dog remains clinically stable on mycophenolate monotherapy with sustained haematologic remission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of PIMA, particularly in the absence of RP, and emphasises the importance of including this rare condition in the differential diagnosis of dogs with persistent non\u2010regenerative anaemia, even when clinical and cytological features are atypical.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T10:04:06Z","timestamp":1771322646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["First Case Report of Precursor\u2010Targeted Immune\u2010Mediated Anaemia in a Dog From Italy Lacking Rubriphagocytosis and With Severe Hyperferraemia: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Clinical Outcome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0110-5501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souad","family":"Nasar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Uva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Girardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio ACV Triggiano  Triggiano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Tanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Ciccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Zatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2545-3968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Alfonsa","family":"Cavalera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Floriana","family":"Gernone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.255.3.366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2015.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15441"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2017.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16278"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vro2.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jcpa.1999.0339"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.1429"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285415"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.23\u20100010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Tvedten H.2005. \u201cBasic Approach to Anemia Diagnosis.\u201d InWorld Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings. Swedish University of Agricultural Science."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Veterinary Hematology, Clinical Chemistry, and Cytology","author":"Weiser G.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2007.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/OVJ.2023.v13.i9.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13130"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70852","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.70852","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70852","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T09:23:28Z","timestamp":1791797008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.70852"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.70852"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.70852","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70852"}}