{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:58:00Z","timestamp":1790668680847,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Inflammatory bowel disease is a significant health concern not only in humans but also in companion animals and livestock, where it manifests as chronic diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and mucosal injury. Probiotics have gained increasing attention as potential therapeutic agents due to their immunomodulatory effects and ability to restore intestinal homeostasis. This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus coagulans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in an acetic acid\u2013induced ulcerative colitis model in Wistar rats. Forty male rats were randomly assigned to control, colitis, mesalazine,\n                    <jats:italic>B. coagulans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    treatment groups. Disease severity was evaluated by macroscopic and histopathological scoring, colon length and weight, pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine levels (IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u201017), and inflammasome\u2010associated gene expression (NLRP3, Caspase\u20101, IL\u201018, TNF\u2010\u03b1). The results showed that colitis induction significantly increased pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine expression and histological damage compared with controls. Both probiotics markedly reduced inflammatory markers, improved colon morphology, and attenuated inflammasome activation. Their protective effects were comparable to mesalazine, the standard treatment. These findings suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>B. coagulans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    can serve as effective adjunct therapies for ulcerative colitis in veterinary practice, with potential translational applications for companion animals and livestock.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:44:12Z","timestamp":1790667852000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Probiotic Intervention With\n                    <i>Bacillus coagulans<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/i>\n                    in Small Animals Experimental Ulcerative Colitis: Insights From a Small Animal Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Shayesteh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Research Center, ShK.C. Islamic Azad University  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5264-3970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milad","family":"Shahini Shams Abadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Rouhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, ShK.C. Islamic Azad University  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Doosti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Research Center, ShK.C. Islamic Azad University  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"505","article-title":"Bacillus coagulans Spores and Their Application in Probiotic Foods","volume":"46","author":"Adimpong D. 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A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Emerging Molecular Insights Into Probiotic Benefits for Animals","volume":"49","author":"Bron P. A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Biotechnology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Health Benefits of Multi\u2010Strain Probiotics","volume":"106","author":"Chapman C. M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Health Benefits of Probiotics: A Review","volume":"107","author":"Chapman C. M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Veterinary Practice","volume":"46","author":"Dandrieux J. R. S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24957","article-title":"Inhibitory Effect of Hsa\u2010miR\u2010590\u20105p on Cardiosphere\u2010Derived Stem Cells Differentiation Through Downregulation of TGFB Signaling","volume":"116","author":"Ekhteraei\u2010Tousi S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.03.022","article-title":"Down\u2010Regulation of lncRNA, GAS5 Decreases Chemotherapeutic Effect of Dendrosomal Curcumin (DNC) in Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"42","author":"Esmatabadi M. J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-014-0207-y","article-title":"Animal Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review","volume":"22","author":"Goyal N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11040979","article-title":"Bacteriocins From Lactic Acid Bacteria. A Powerful Alternative as Antimicrobials, Probiotics, and Immunomodulators in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"11","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez J. C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12192519","article-title":"Effects of Canine\u2010obtained Lactic\u2010acid Bacteria on the Fecal Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers in Dogs Receiving Non\u2010steroidal Anti\u2010inflammatory Treatment","volume":"12","author":"Herstad K. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"506","article-title":"Expert Consensus on Probiotics: Definition and Scope","volume":"11","author":"Hill C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Bacillus coagulans as a Probiotic: Status and Future Potential","volume":"15","author":"Hun L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Functional Foods"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"573","article-title":"Bacillus Probiotics in Animal Health","volume":"7","author":"Hun L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Ulcerative Colitis in Dogs: Clinical Features and Pathogenesis","volume":"24","author":"Jergens A. 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