{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:47:29Z","timestamp":1791906449603,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Medial patellar luxation (MPL) is a common orthopaedic disorder in small\u2010breed dogs (\n                    <jats:italic>Canis lupus familiaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and frequently requires surgical stabilization to restore normal joint alignment. However, postoperative complications such as residual lameness, quadriceps muscle atrophy and reduced stifle joint mobility may delay functional recovery. This case series describes the clinical outcomes associated with a structured multimodal physiotherapy protocol implemented following MPL stabilization surgery in five small\u2010breed dogs diagnosed with Grade III\u2013IV MPL. After surgical correction, all dogs underwent a standardized 4\u2010week rehabilitation programme consisting of neuromuscular electrical stimulation, therapeutic ultrasound, manual therapy and targeted functional exercises, with a total of 12 treatment sessions. Functional recovery was assessed using quadriceps muscle girth, passive stifle extension, lameness scoring and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Evaluations were performed at baseline prior to physiotherapy, immediately after completion of the 4\u2010week rehabilitation programme, and at a 1\u2010month follow\u2010up. All dogs demonstrated progressive improvements in muscle girth, joint extension and functional mobility, accompanied by consistent reductions in lameness scores. Improvements observed following rehabilitation were maintained at the 1\u2010month follow\u2010up evaluation. These findings suggest that early integration of a structured multimodal physiotherapy protocol may enhance postoperative functional recovery and mobility in small\u2010breed dogs undergoing surgical stabilization for MPL.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T11:37:05Z","timestamp":1774870625000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multimodal Physiotherapy Following Patellar Stabilization Surgery in Five Small\u2010Breed Dogs: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6349-9978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Rajabian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Esmaeeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0801-2597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazem","family":"Malmir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7441-7413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arman","family":"Abdous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch Islamic Azad University  Karaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2024.550-557"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2006.00189.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2017.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.842458"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.205.05.716"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21005\/asp.2022.21.1.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0380467"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.9.1168"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/coan.2019.24.6.293"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"288","article-title":"Veterinary Physiotherapy\u2014A Literature Review","volume":"6","author":"Mahaseth P. 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