{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:47:19Z","timestamp":1791906439644,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Graphene nanosheets (GNS) have found more applications in biomedical and industrial uses, but exposure to GNS can cause adverse health outcomes, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and tissue injury, depending on their dose and physicochemical characteristics. This study evaluates the potential of\n                      <jats:italic>Tamarix aphylla<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaf extract to mitigate GNS toxicity in\n                      <jats:italic>Cirrhinus mrigala<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Conducted under controlled conditions, the research comprised two phases. Phase I determined the 96\u2010h LC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      of GNS as 1213.72\u00a0mg\/L, with subsequent exposures set at 10%, 20%, and 30% of LC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      (121.37, 60.58, and 40.45\u00a0mg\/L). Phase II involved a 14\u2010day co\u2010treatment of fish exposed to 60.58\u00a0mg\/L GNS with 25, 50, and 75\u00a0mg\/L of the extract.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High\u2010performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified key bioactive compounds in the extract, including ferulic, chlorogenic, gallic, p\u2010coumaric, and caffeic acids, along with malic, citric, and oxalic acids. Malic acid was the predominant compound. Histopathological analysis revealed GNS\u2010induced damage in the liver, kidney, and intestine, such as necrosis, sinusoidal dilation, and glomerulopathy. However, these effects were significantly reduced in extract\u2010treated groups, highlighting the protective role of antioxidants and organic acids in the extract.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings suggest that\n                      <jats:italic>T. aphylla<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaf extract effectively reduces GNS toxicity, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating the environmental impact of graphene\u2010related pollutants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T14:45:36Z","timestamp":1775832336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigating the Therapeutic Potential of\n                    <i>Tamarix aphylla<\/i>\n                    Leaf Extract Against Toxicity Caused by Graphene Nanosheets in\n                    <i>Cirrhinus mrigala<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Asad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Division of Science &amp; Technology University of Education Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kashif","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Division of Science &amp; Technology University of Education Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tehseen","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Division of Science &amp; Technology University of Education Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagina","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Mianwali  Mianwali Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5009-483X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abeer","family":"Kazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Wuhan Hubei PR China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0059-4967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Fakhrul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries Jamalpur Science and Technology University  Jamalpur Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneela","family":"Nijabat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany University of Mianwali  Mianwali Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Division of Science &amp; Technology University of Education Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihsan","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Wildlife &amp; Fisheries Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Siddiqa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany PMAS Arid Agriculture University  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Pedro","family":"Luna\u2010Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Nanoscience and Nanotechnology PhD Program Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute  Mexico City Mexico"},{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo  Hidalgo Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Medina\u2010P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo  Hidalgo Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo  Hidalgo Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12199925"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11010118"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S168731"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2010.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112245"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-23324-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2022.101379"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59755-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205215"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2017.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-13933-8_201-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-025-04077-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-03989-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.8b00068"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.10.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59010034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","article-title":"Dissection of Organs From the Adult Zebrafish","volume":"37","author":"Gupta T.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pharmacological Evaluation of Tamarix aphylla for Anti\u2010Inflammatory, Anti\u2010Pyretic and Anti\u2010Nociceptive Activities in Standard Animal Models","volume":"66","author":"Iqbal A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"West Indian Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32947\/ajps.v20i4.785"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Different Extracts of Tamarix aphylla (l.) 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