{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:46:56Z","timestamp":1791906416475,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Schistosoma reflexum (SR) is a lethal congenital malformation characterized by severe spinal retroflexion, thoracoabdominoschisis with visceral exposure. This case report aims to describe the morphology and pathology of SR in a llama. A white male llama (\n                    <jats:italic>Lama glama<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) cria was delivered with dystocia following a normal gestation. Pathological examination revealed a severe U\u2010shaped retroflexion of the spine, thoracolumbar scoliosis and sacral levoscoliosis, abdominoschisis, arthrogryposis, asymmetrical costal malformations, a ventricular septal defect and atresia recti and ani. Computed tomography (CT) of the eviscerated corpus confirmed the severe skeletal dysplasia, including retroflexion and levoscoliosis of the thoracolumbar and sacral spine, a cervical transitional vertebra, costal malformations and multiple angular limb deformities of hindlimbs, as well as bilateral coxofemoral joint subluxation and medial patella luxation on the left side. RT\u2010qPCR testing excluded teratogenic viral infections. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of an SR\u2010type malformation and CT helped to further characterize the skeletal malformations that define SR. This is the first specific morphological description of SR in a llama and highlights the complementary value of CT and postmortem examination for characterizing complex congenital malformations in camelids.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T12:25:11Z","timestamp":1775219111000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First Complete Morphological Description of Schistosoma Reflexum in a Llama"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5854-7957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Luginb\u00fchl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Ruminants Department of Clinical Veterinary Science Vetsuisse\u2010Faculty University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3371-0068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lea A.","family":"Hiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Pathology Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology Vetsuisse\u2010Faculty University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1818-4285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elke","family":"Van der Vekens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Radiology Department of Clinical Veterinary Science Vetsuisse\u2010Faculty  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3749-0553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bettina A.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health Vetsuisse\u2010Faculty  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9773-522X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cord","family":"Dr\u00f6gem\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health Vetsuisse\u2010Faculty  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9549-2487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrik","family":"Zanolari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Ruminants Department of Clinical Veterinary Science Vetsuisse\u2010Faculty University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7212-3189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinne","family":"Gurtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Pathology Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology Vetsuisse\u2010Faculty University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6438-7975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Jacinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Ruminants Department of Clinical Veterinary Science Vetsuisse\u2010Faculty University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Genetics Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health Vetsuisse\u2010Faculty  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028\u2010015\u20100145\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917\u2010014\u20100227\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.70083"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani7020009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"1393","article-title":"Schistosomus Reflexus in Large Animals","volume":"16","author":"Bezek D. M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Compendium of Continuing Education for the Veterinary Practitioner"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12711\u2010025\u201001002\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2024.106069"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.2005.00624.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0749\u20100720(15)30572\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100\u2010736X2010001000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JFMS.2007.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14501"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1501\/vetfak_0000002220"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.70067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","volume-title":"Congenital Defects in Cattle","author":"Schalles R. R.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","unstructured":"Tibary A. Y.Picha andL. K.Pearson.2011. \u201cCongenital Anomalies in Crias.\u201dhttps:\/\/cabidigitallibrary.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/kenvet.v32i1.45298"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-7233-8.00009-4"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70940","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.70940","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70940","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:06:29Z","timestamp":1791903989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.70940"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.70940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.70940","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70940"}}