{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:46:58Z","timestamp":1791906418148,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder marked by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, oxidative stress, and dysregulated appetite and energy balance. Biomarkers like glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), phosphoinositide 3\u2010kinase (PI3K), sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), nesfatin\u20101, glucagon\u2010like peptide 1 (GLP\u20101), leptin, and insulin\u2010like growth factor 1 (IGF\u20101) play important roles in various physiological processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the metabolic and molecular effects of psyllium in an experimental T2DM rat model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty male Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10): Control, Diabetes, and Diabetes + PHP. T2DM was induced by a high\u2010fat diet followed by streptozotocin (35\u00a0mg\/kg), and the Diabetes + PHP group received 10% PHP from week five. At study completion, metabolic parameters, serum biomarkers, and tissue protein expressions were assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      T2DM is typically associated with elevated insulin levels and overeating behaviour due to insulin resistance. However, PHP treatment appears to improve insulin sensitivity, leading to a reduction in both body weight and insulin levels. In the T2DM rat model, PHP significantly reduced serum glucose, triglyceride, and leptin levels compared with the diabetic group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). PHP reduced body weight and serum Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA\u2010IR), insulin, total cholesterol, creatinine, C\u2010peptide, and total oxidant status, while increasing serum SIRT6, total antioxidant status, Homeostatic Model Assessment of \u03b2\u2010cell function (HOMA\u2010\u03b2), nesfatin\u20101, glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101), and insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 (IGF\u20101); however, these changes were not statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). Tissue analyses showed that PHP improved some muscle parameters (triglycerides and total protein;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) but did not fully normalise glucose levels in liver and muscle. Uric acid levels remained decreased in liver and muscle after PHP treatment. PHP tended to increase tissue insulin levels while reducing serum insulin, and partially modulated SIRT6 levels, without statistical significance. Sodium\u00a0dodecyl sulfate\u2010polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS\u2010PAGE) revealed distinct group\u2010specific protein expression patterns in liver and muscle tissues. Additionally, GLUT4, PI3K, and SIRT6 expressions were reduced in diabetic rats and partially restored by PHP without reaching control levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PHP demonstrated significant beneficial effects by partially improving metabolic dysfunctions and increasing antioxidant capacity in T2DM. These findings suggest that PHP may be a promising adjunctive therapeutic strategy for managing T2DM\u2010related abnormalities, potentially improving both insulin sensitivity and overall metabolic balance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T14:51:37Z","timestamp":1775487097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Psyllium Husk on Metabolic Regulators, Insulin Resistance, and SIRT6 in Liver and Muscle of Type 2 Diabetic Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Furkan","family":"\u00dcmit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ondokuz May\u0131s University  Samsun Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5384-2381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fclay","family":"\u00c7iftci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ondokuz May\u0131s University  Samsun Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8617-3188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burcu","family":"Onuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Anatomy Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ondokuz May\u0131s University  Samsun Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1517-3356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Recai","family":"Aci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00f6ke Vocational School of Health Services Ayd\u03b9n Adnan Menderes University  Ayd\u03b9n Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6z\u00fcm","family":"\u00c7aka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ondokuz May\u0131s University  Samsun Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alper","family":"\u00c7iftci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ondokuz May\u0131s  Samsun Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.4.466"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.1.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.6.1615"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(81)90281-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200305844"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1553140"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-S302"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1276"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2003.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2005.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03231-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"654","article-title":"Activation of the Protein Deacetylase SIRT6 by Longchain Fatty Acids and Physiological Implications","volume":"15","author":"Feldman J. 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