{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:46:47Z","timestamp":1791906407561,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to investigate the potential systemic gastrointestinal (GI) effects of short\u2010term topical administration of ocular steroids and non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in rats.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Animals<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 56 adult male Wistar rats were assigned to seven treatment groups (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 8 for each group), receiving topical applications of saline, prednisolone acetate, dexamethasone phosphate, loteprednol etabonate, ketorolac tromethamine, nepafenac or diclofenac sodium for 1 week.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n GI bleeding was assessed using faecal occult blood tests, gastric and duodenal tissues were analysed histopathologically, and endoscopic evaluations were performed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Positive faecal occult blood results were observed in the prednisolone acetate group (3\/8; 37.5%), dexamethasone phosphate (2\/8; 25%), diclofenac sodium (1\/8; 12.5%) and loteprednol etabonate (1\/8; 12.5%). No positive results were recorded in the ketorolac tromethamine, nepafenac, or saline groups (0%). Differences between groups were not statistically significant (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.05). No significant within\u2010group differences between baseline and post\u2010treatment results were detected (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.05). Endoscopic scores ranged from 0 to 1 across all groups, and histopathology revealed no abnormalities.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n Short\u2010term topical ocular steroid and NSAID treatments were not associated with statistically significant systemic gastrointestinal alterations under the conditions of this study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T18:09:20Z","timestamp":1777054160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Topical Steroids and Non\u2010Steroidal Anti\u2010Inflammatory Drugs on Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Harun","family":"Cinar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latif Emrah","family":"Yanmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozlem","family":"Ozmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aybike","family":"Ozbeyli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beyza","family":"Bektas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.10.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266\u2010019\u201000660\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2021.1965988"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20777-3_41"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S118409"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018\u2010200225040\u201000002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010150\u20103\u2010200902030\u201000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco\u2010jcc\/jjy035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018\u2010200225010\u201000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-8453.75042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247457"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"S215","article-title":"Innovations in Topical Ocular Corticosteroid Therapy for the Management of Postoperative Ocular Inflammation and Pain","volume":"25","author":"Salinger C. L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Managed Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12132"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0969141315584783"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101711010305"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13145"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109006"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70962","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.70962","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70962","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:05:46Z","timestamp":1791903946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.70962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.70962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.70962","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70962"}}