{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:46:47Z","timestamp":1791906407215,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The diagnosis of certain lungworm infections in dogs relies heavily on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology or lesion histopathology, especially in situations in which faecal diagnostics and bloodwork may have limited value. Differentiating morphologically similar parasitic larvae on BAL cytology, such as\n                      <jats:italic>Oslerus osleri<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>Filaroides hirthi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , may be challenging, and molecular approaches are not yet widely available.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Description of two cases of\n                      <jats:italic>O. osleri<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in young dogs, including (1) representative examples of BAL cytology and lesion\u2010specific histopathologic findings and (2) molecular characterisation, based on targeted gene amplification and sequencing, from cytologic and histopathologic samples of\n                      <jats:italic>O. osleri<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two cases of\n                      <jats:italic>O. osleri<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection were investigated and followed in detail. BAL slides and tracheobronchial biopsy samples were analysed: six primer pairs spanning the ribosomal RNA gene of\n                      <jats:italic>O. osleri<\/jats:italic>\n                      were used to amplify the specific regions of genomic DNA from stained BAL slides (Case 1) and from formalin\u2010fixed paraffin\u2010embedded (FFPE) tracheobronchial biopsy (Case 2). Amplicon sequences were compared to\n                      <jats:italic>O. osleri<\/jats:italic>\n                      nucleotide sequences available in GenBank.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The amplicon sequences obtained from both cases were 100% identical, indicating that the infections in both dogs were caused by the same organism. BLAST analysis against the GenBank nucleotide database showed a 100% match with\n                      <jats:italic>O. osleri<\/jats:italic>\n                      , thereby confirming the diagnosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PCR testing for\n                      <jats:italic>O. osleri<\/jats:italic>\n                      is feasible on genomic DNA obtained from stained BAL smears and sections of FFPE tissue. Further testing of these primers on other lungworms, such as\n                      <jats:italic>F. hirthi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , is warranted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T15:15:46Z","timestamp":1777475746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnostic Investigation of Two Cases of\n                    <i>Oslerus osleri<\/i>\n                    Infection in Dogs: Microscopic Challenges and Molecular Characterisation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9344-6639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremie","family":"Korchia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishnu","family":"Manikantan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley K.","family":"McGrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina M.","family":"Jeffries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Makii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"McCord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Vista Veterinary Specialists  Windsor Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sriveny","family":"Dangoudoubiyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Blackwell's Five\u2010Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Canine and Feline Infectious Diseases and Parasitology","author":"Barr S. 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