{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:47:19Z","timestamp":1791906439098,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Beet vinasse (VIN), a by\u2010product of sugar beet processing, is rich in non\u2010protein nitrogen (NPN), potassium, and prebiotic compounds, offering potential as a feed additive to enhance dairy cow performance while reducing environmental waste.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates the effects of VIN supplementation at 0%, 1.5% (300\u00a0g\/day) or 3% (600\u00a0g\/day) on feed intake, feed efficiency (FE), milk production and composition, apparent nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and ruminal fermentation in early\u2010lactation Holstein dairy cows.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010four Holstein dairy cows (15\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03 days in milk, 30\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.9\u00a0kg of milk\/day) were used in a completely randomized design with three treatments: (1) control diet without beet VIN supplementation (0\u00a0g VIN\/cow\/day, 0% VIN; V0); (2) diet supplemented with 300\u00a0g VIN\/cow\/day (1.5% VIN; V1.5); and (3) diet supplemented with 600\u00a0g VIN\/cow\/day (3% VIN; V3). VIN was top\u2010dressed over the total mixed ration. The experiment included a 15\u2010day adaptation period and a 30\u2010day sampling period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dry matter intake (DMI) was unaffected by treatments, whereas FE and milk yield increased linearly with increasing VIN levels. Fat\u2010corrected milk (FCM), energy\u2010corrected milk (ECM) and yields of milk fat, true protein, lactose and solids non\u2010fat (SNF) increased linearly from V0 to V3. Milk fat percentage exhibited a quadratic response, with highest milk fat observed at the V1.5 level. True protein and concentrations of de novo and saturated fatty acids increased linearly with VIN inclusion. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein improved linearly with increasing VIN levels. Ruminal pH, acetate proportion and acetate to propionate ratio increased linearly, whereas the proportions of valerate and isovalerate decreased linearly. Plasma globulin, total protein and blood urea nitrogen concentrations increased linearly, whereas plasma glucose concentration decreased linearly with increasing VIN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VIN supplementation at 1.5% or 3% enhances milk production, FE and nutrient digestibility in early\u2010lactating cows without affecting DMI. However, increased plasma globulin may suggest a mild inflammatory response, necessitating further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VIN supplementation at 1.5%\u20133% enhances nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and production efficiency in early\u2010lactating Holstein cows, likely due to its NPN and mineral content. However, without rumen microbial or immune response data, long\u2010term safety and efficacy require further study. VIN offers a cost\u2010effective, environmentally sustainable feed additive pending validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T07:11:43Z","timestamp":1778742703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Beet\u2010Vinasse (Condensed Molasses Soluble) Addition on the Performance, Milk Fatty Acid Profile, Digestibility, Blood Parameters, and Ruminal Fermentation of Early Lactating Holstein Cows"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Fatehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran  Karaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4230-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Rafiee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Research Department, Isfahan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5453-1083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Kahyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture Shiraz University  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022\u20100302(97)76074\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"456","volume-title":"Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant","author":"Allison M. 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