{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:06:32Z","timestamp":1792595192779,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004481","name":"University of Tehran","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004481","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Nakaseomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                      species, particularly\n                      <jats:italic>Nakaseomyces glabratus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Pichia kudriavzevii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , pose remarkable treatment challenges due to their resistance to common antifungal agents like fluconazole (FCZ). Essential oils, such as\n                      <jats:italic>Cinnamomum cassia<\/jats:italic>\n                      essential oil (CC\u2010EO), offer a promising alternative, especially when enhanced with nanotechnology to improve stability and bioavailability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aims to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of CC\u2010EO and its nano\u2010encapsulated form (nano\u2010CC\u2010EO) against\n                      <jats:italic>Nakaseomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. to explore their potential as alternative treatments for resistant candidiasis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ten clinical isolates of\n                      <jats:italic>N. glabratus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>P. kudriavzevii<\/jats:italic>\n                      were tested using CC\u2010EO and nano\u2010CC\u2010EO, which were prepared via nanoprecipitation. Antifungal efficacy was evaluated through disk diffusion, microdilution and checkerboard assays, whereas nano\u2010CC\u2010EO's physicochemical properties were characterized using dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and zeta potential analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Characterization of nano\u2010CC\u2010EO showed an average particle size of 174.8\u00a0nm and a stable zeta potential of \u221218.6\u00a0mV, confirming uniformity and stability. In disk diffusion screening, nano\u2010CC\u2010EO produced larger inhibition zones than CC\u2010EO at 2000\u00a0ppm, providing a qualitative indication of stronger growth inhibition. Microdilution tests revealed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 250\u2013500\u00a0ppm for nano\u2010CC\u2010EO and 125\u2013500\u00a0ppm for CC\u2010EO, highlighting strong inhibitory effects against\n                      <jats:italic>Nakaseomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. Checkerboard assays demonstrated synergistic and additive interactions between nano\u2010CC\u2010EO and FCZ, with several isolates showing fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values below 0.5.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study highlights the enhanced antifungal potential of nano\u2010CC\u2010EO, offering a promising alternative for treating resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Nakaseomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections. Nano\u2010CC\u2010EO formulations demonstrated superior efficacy and targeted delivery, suggesting their potential as effective natural antifungal agents.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T07:44:52Z","timestamp":1779263092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nano\u2010Encapsulated\n                    <i>Cinnamomum cassia<\/i>\n                    Essential Oil in Combination With Fluconazole Exhibits Synergistic Activity Against Fluconazole\u2010Resistant\n                    <i>Nakaseomyces glabratus<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Pichia kudriavzevii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1678-9897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Seifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Esfandiary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2570-0972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Negar","family":"Hemmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3262-012X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javad","family":"Malakootikhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanobiotechnology College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technologies University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donya","family":"Nikaein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6777-5930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Reza","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14010180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13782"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4499.20230132"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts","author":"CLSI","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"Method for Antifungal Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts","author":"CLSI","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Cinnamon and Cassia","author":"Dao N. 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